Data logging

Each SSW measurement is logged too, with date and time, batch number (instead of the station number), the number of SSW measurement series (instead of the cast number) and the consecutive vial number (instead of the number of the water sampler). 

Each salinity is recorded to at least 4 decimal places to assure accuracy of further calculations. Table 3-2 shows an example of a logsheet. 

Special instrumental tests, such as STAND-BY and ZERO readings with the AUTOSAL are also recorded. 

Operator EXPEDITION DATE (MM-DD-YY ) SSW batch no. Batch K15 value Batch salinity Bath temperature Guildline 8400A, IfM Kiel Laboratory temperature M. Knoll P233/1 9-17-1997 P129 0.99996 = 2 X K15 1.99992 34.9984 24.000 AS3 22.000  

STAT CAST BNO SBNO Time 2xRt 2xSTDDV Salinity 

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A large investment is made by oil and gas companies in acquiring open hole log data. Logging activities can represent between 5% and 15% of total well cost. It is important therefore to ensure that the cost of acquisition can be justified by the value of information generated and that thereafter the information is effectively managed. 

Data logging. Implies data collection with storage for later data processing. 

The four process control parameters are temperature, pressure, flow, and level. Modem process level detection systems are varied and ubiquitous in modem chemical plants there are thousands of processes requiring Hquid level indication and Hquid level control. From accumulators to wet wells, the need for level devices is based on the need for plant efficiency, safety, quaUty control, and data logging. Unfortunately, no single level measurement technology works rehably on all chemical plant appHcations. This fact has spawned a broad selection of level indication and control device technologies, each of which operates successfully on specific appHcations. 

The process monitors and controllers typically also have the capabiUty for data logging, analysis, and display. This capabiUty has made on-line control of pilot plants, as well as commercial-scale processes, desirable. Pilot-plant appHcations for on-line control have been described (106), and the use of such systems for both monitoring and process diagnosis has been discussed (107). A number of commercially available process control programs that mn on microprocessors have been reviewed (108). Virtually all of them incorporate graphic display as an integral part of the interactive capabiUty of the program. 

The rotor speed must then be inereased to trip speed to eheek the overspeed trip setting, then redueed to maximum eontinuous speed and held for a minimum of 1 hr. Extended testing time should be alloeated if neeessary to reaeh satisfaetory equilibrium eonditions. Tlie lube oil must be held near design inlet temperamre during tlie meehanieal test. Data logging should be done in 15 min intervals for all measuring points. 

Continuous monitors usuaUy indicate the pollutant concentration on both an indicator and a chart recording. This provides a visual indication of the instantaneous emissions, along with a permanent record of the quantitative emissions over a period of time. The monitoring system may also be equipped with an alarm device to signal the operator if the allowable emission level is being exceeded. Data-logging systems coupled with micropro-... 

Answer An electronic temperature monitor could be equipped with a bar-code liquid crystal display which could be read by a portable bar-code reader. These devices have a memory so several readings may be taken before they are readout over a telephone modem to a data logging computer. The simplest way to read the acid type would be to post a label that is bar-coded to indicate the acid type. Tire acid quantity could be indicated by an acid level gage using a bar-code display of the level. The aluminum quality could be indicated by displaying a label in bar-code. The amount of aluminum could be determined by weight using a bar-code readout on the scales. 

If we improve process monitoring and data logging, we ll be better equipped to track and predict variances in process operating conditions. 

Fig. 2, Correlation of reactivity data (log A ) for the methoxy-dechlorination of substituted 2-chloroquinolmes and 2-chloroquinoxalines.

Parallel to the increase in performance of microcomputers in the late twentieth century been an exponential decrease in the price of semiconductors and memory. This means that data-logging functions can be added at a small extra cost, considerably increasing the usefulness of a given EMCS. 

Because monitoring and data-logging facilities add to initial cost, some customers may be hesitant to choose between a simple configuration without those capabilities and a more complex model including them. The benefits associated with monitoring often outweigh the price premium, as they allow the user to ... 

Figure 8-17. Stability constant data (log Kj,) for the formation of transition-metal [MLs] " complexes.

Computer Data Logged Pilot-Plant Reactors... 

The pilot plant stage Is vital in the scale-up of any new resin process, and in this paper we discuss the design philosophy of pilot plants and then describe two fully Instrumented and computer data logged reactors. Some indication is given of the use of the extracted data for both modelling and scale up. Both controlled and data logged parameters are tabulated and an example of data extraction for heat balance is illustrated. 

At the design stage, factors we considered to be paramount were heating and cooling demands, accuracy of measurement and the control equipment, and data logging. 

Data Logging All data was to be gathered from all instruments indiscriminately at a single beat, displayed during the batch and recorded for scrutlnity post batch. Items data-logged are listed in Table II. 

We have described two highly Instrumented, data-logged and versatile pilot reactors which Integrate Into a rigorous scale-up regime. This Is necessitated by our highly complex products and the precise definition the computer-controlled full-scale plant can exploit. 

Our whole package Is In-house specified and written, and while we are aware that complete packages to data-log are now available, we feel confident In showing this as an example of a high technology state-of-the-art system. Examples of data extracted for heat balance, and comparison to simple models can be demonstrated. 

A simplification of the polarization resistance technique is the linear polarization technique in which it is assumed that the relationship between E and i is linear in a narrow range around E . Usually only two points ( , 0 are measured and B is assumed to have a constant value of about 20 mV. This approach is used in field tests and forms the basis of commercial corrosion rate monitors. Rp can also be determined as the dc limit of the electrochemical impedance. Mansfeld et al. used the linear polarization technique to determine Rp for mild steel sensors embedded in concrete exposed to a sewer environment for about 9 months. One sensor was periodically flushed with sewage in an attempt to remove the sulfuric acid produced by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria within a biofilm another sensor was used as a control. A data logging system collected Rp at 10-min intervals simultaneously for the two corrosion sensors and two pH electrodes placed at the concrete surface. Figure 2 shows the cumulative corrosion loss (Z INT) obtained by integration of the MRp time curves as ... 

Output a built-in RS 232 C digital output provides a connection, if desired, to a printer or to data logging and computer systems, so both single-shot and continuous printout of pH, mV and temperature are possible. 

Instruments are provided to monitor the key process variables during plant operation. They may be incorporated in automatic control loops, or used for the manual monitoring of the process operation. They may also be part of an automatic computer data logging system. Instruments monitoring critical process variables will be fitted with automatic alarms to alert the operators to critical and hazardous situations. 

This approach, however, fails to consider the inherent nature of compositional data , i.e. all components are restricted to positive values with the sum of all components totalling 100%. These restrictions make suspect statistical analysis based on raw , untransformed data. Log-ratio transformations, developed by Aitchison (1982), rid compositional data... 

Improved data logging and recall capabilities with new instrumentation will enhance practical knowledge of the processes ... 

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