Afflictions

L Xylulose (a 2 ketopentose excreted in excessive amounts in the urine of persons afflicted with the mild genetic disorder pentosuria)... 

Since the introduction of cortisone (1) (1948) and hydrocortisone (2) (1951), adrenal-cortical hormones have remained an important and unreplaced dmg class. Though not without adverse effects, these compounds have continued to be the dmg of choice in the treatment of afflictions ranging from the moderate skin rash to severe acute inflammatory disorders, and are included in many other therapeutic regimes. 

Pituitary Dwarfism. Pituitary dwarfism is a condition characterized by an inabiHty to produce or secrete normal levels of endogenous hGH. The condition results in reduced heights of individuals afflicted with the condition and has been treated by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of hGH. Pituitary hGH was used prior to the approval of biosynthetic hGH. If treatment is initiated early enough, the patient can attain a final adult height weU within the normal range. 

If it is not dissolved or trapped, an embolism moving from the lower extremities can be life-threatening. People afflicted with phlebitis are particularly susceptible to this problem. A shape-memory trap has been devised that, when deployed in the vena cava, is like a multileaved mesh that traps a traveling embolism, retaining it until medication can dissolve it. Introduced in a folded form by a catheter, the mesh is prevented from deploying by subjecting it to a flow of cold saline water. Once in place, it is released from the catheter and, warmed by body heat, opens into its final shape (11). 

Veteriaary uses of sodium iodide iaclude the treatment of horses, catde, sheep, swiae, and dogs for various afflictions (see Veterinarydrugs). 

The typical U.S. daily diet contains 1.1—3.6 mg of vitamin B, most coming from meats and vegetables. Poor diets may provide less than half of these amounts and less than the RDA. Some populations require higher amounts persons with high protein intakes, pregnant and lactating women, users of oral contraceptives, alcohoHcs, users of dmgs which interfere with vitamin B function, and those afflicted with some diseases. Several reviews have examined the relationship of vitamin B and specific diseases in more detail (4,23). 

Malaria affects an estimated 270 million people and causes 2—3 million deaths annually, approximately one million of which occur in children under the age of five. While primarily an affliction of the tropics and subtropics, it has occurred as far north as the Arctic Circle. The disease essentially has been eradicated in most temperate-zone countries, but some 1100 cases of malaria in U.S. citizens returning from abroad were reported to the Centers for Disease Control during 1990. Malaria is seen today in Southeast Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. It is on the increase in Afghanistan, Brazil, China, India, Mexico, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. Escalation of the disease is because of the discontinued use of the insecticide DDT which effectively kills mosquito larvae, but has been found to be toxic to Hvestock and wildlife. Also, chloroquine (6), a reUable dmg for the prophylaxis and treatment of falcipamm malaria, is ineffective in many parts of the world because of the spread of dmg-resistant strains. 

Despite dramatic advances in the treatment of several human malignancies including Hodgkin s lymphomas and leukemias, dmg resistance remains a pressing issue in cancer chemotherapy. Acquired or induced dmg resistance afflicts practically all classes of cancer agents. It usually is manifested clinically... 

STM and SFM are free from many of the artifacts that afflict other kinds of profilometers. Optical profilometers can experience complicated phase shifts when materials with different optical properties are encountered. The SFM is sensitive to topography oidy, independent of the optical properties of the surface. (STM may be sensitive to the optical properties of the material inasmuch as optical properties are related to electronic structure.) The tips of traditional stylus profilometers exert forces that can damage the surfaces of soft materials, whereas the force on SFM tips is many orders of magnitude lower. SFM can image even the tracks left by other stylus profilometers. 

No plant employees were injured, many people were afflicted with inflamed eyes and lungs as a result of the fumes 140 patients were admitted for observation and treatment for exposure to the gas. About 800 people were seen, treated, and released. Marathon set up a claims office by the next day 600 people filed from Texas City and nearby towns filing went on for several days. 

In the event of an accident, tliese procedures could save an afflicted worker s life. 

Insulin is a peptide hormone, secreted by the pancreas, that regulates glucose metabolism in the body. Insufficient production of insulin or failure of insulin to stimulate target sites in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue leads to the serious metabolic disorder known as diabetes mellitus. Diabetes afflicts millions of people worldwide. Diabetic individuals typically exhibit high levels of glucose in the blood, but insulin injection therapy allows diabetic individuals to maintain normal levels of blood glucose. 

A similar thermal instability afflicts NH4Br03 (d —5°) and NH4IO3 (d 100°). 

Though dental afflictions constitute a very significant disease entity, these have received relatively little attention from medicinal chemists. (The fluoride toothpastes may form an important exception.) This therapeutic target Is, however, sufficiently Important to be the focus of at least some research. A highly functionalized piperazine derivative that has come out of such work shows prophylactic activity against dental caries. Condensation of the enol ether 1 of thiourea with ji-pentylisocyanate gives the addition product 1J. Reaction of this with diamine 78, derived from piperazine, leads to substitution of the methylthio moiety by the primary amine, in all likelihood by an addition-elimination sequence. There is thus obtained ipexidine (79). ... 

Behaftet, a. affected contaminated afflicted, Ifehagen, o.2. please,... 

Bekrustung, /. incrustation, bektimmem, v.t. afflict, trouble, bekupfern, v.t. copper. 

Quadrozyd, n. quadroxide (tetroxide). Quadnipolkraft, /. quadrupole force. quSlen, t.t. mill, crush, disaggregate torment, worry, afflict, distress, qualifizieren, t.t. r. qualify. 

As the science of indoor air quality has matured, indoor air professionals have realized that many indoor air contaminants and the associated health effects are linked to specific types of buildings and their characteristics. For example, radon is primarily an indoor air concern in homes because of the ease with which it can be transported inside residential construction from the soil beneath. On the other hand. Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) primarily afflicts office building occupants who experience acute health and comfort effects that appear to be linked to time spent in a specific building. 

Urinary lithiasis is a disease in which calculi form in the kidney and urinary tract. Roughly 5 % of the human population suffers to some degree from urinary lithiasis. A number of severely afflicted patients (e.g. ca. 60,000 in West Germany and more than 100,000 in the U.S.) are hospitalized yearly for major surgical treatment. Obviously, nephrolithiasis is not only a common ailment but also an issue of great social and economic consequence. 

Another consequence of the effect of pressure on gas solubility is the painful, sometimes fatal, affliction known as the bends. This occurs when a person goes rapidly from deep water (high pressure) to the surface (lower pressure), where gases are less soluble. The rapid decompression causes air, dissolved in blood and other body fluids, to bubble out of solution. These bubbles impair blood circulation and affect nerve impulses. To minimize these effects, deep-sea divers and aquanauts breathe a helium-oxygen mixture rather than compressed air (nitrogen-oxygen). Helium is only about one-third as soluble as nitrogen, and hence much less gas comes out of solution on decompression. 

A common cause of PTH-dependent hypercalcemia results from benign, or occasionally malignant, enlargement of one or more parathyroid glands, a condition known as primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Although many patients with PHPT present in an asymptomatic state that does not require medical intervention, some are afflicted with excess bone loss, kidney stones, or other complications. If patients are... 

LJpper respiratory infections are among die most common afflictions of humans. The drug used to treat die discomfort associated widi an upper respiratory infection include antitussives, mucolytics, and expectorants. Many of tiiese dm are available as nonprescription (over-die-counter) dni, whereas otiiers are available only by prescription. 

Many serious health problems result from abnormally located blood clots heart attacks (clots in coronary arteries), pulmonary embolism (clots in the lungs), and peripheral arterial occlusion and deep vein thrombosis (clots in the limbs). Each year heart attacks alone afflict over a million people in the United States, and almost half of them die as a result. 

Cancer now afflicts one out of four adults. One of the more promising therapies for certain kinds of cancers involves the use of interferon, a protein that occurs in minute quantities in the body where it is an essential part of the body s immune system. Interferon can be produced outside the body in cultures of transformed lymphoblastoid cells. A few years ago, it was possible to culture these human cells on scales up to a few hundred milliliters. Chemical engineers have now developed reactors for the aseptic culture of human cells on a scale 100,000 times larger, making it possible to produce human interferon in practical useful quantities. 

In the early period of the pandemic, before the development of sensitive and reliable instruments to diagnose early infection, only patients with advanced AIDS presented to health care facilities. As a result, the estimates and projects of the costs for HIV/AIDS patients based on observed health care utilization were high. For example, Scitovsky and Rice estimated the annual costs of AIDS care in the United States in 1985, 1986, and 1991 to be US 630 million, US 1.1 billion, and US 8.5 billion, respectively these costs represented the direct and indirect costs of HIV infections (Scitovsky and Rice 1987 Scitovsky 1988, 1989). More than 80% of these costs stemmed from losses in productivity, a reflection of the fact that AIDS has afflicted primarily working-age adults. The great increase in total costs by 1991 is caused by a projected increase in the prevalence. 

One of the great challenges facing medical science is how to diagnose and treat afflictions of the brain such as Alzheimer s disease, hi part this is because we cannot see directly inside an active human brain. Recently, however, medical researchers have developed a powerful diagnostic tool called positron emission tomography (PET). 

A feature that is common to vaccines, immunosera and human immunoglobulins is the maiked specificity of their actions. Each provides immunity to only one infection. This specificity has led to the development of vaccines and immunosera with several different components such as are present in the widely used diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis vaccines that are used to prevent the infectious diseases that commonly afflict infants and young children. 

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