Additives biocide functions

Biocides function by becoming active on the surface of the material to destroy the fungi. Plasticiser transfer to the surface is limited by the process of diffusion of the plasticiser within the material, the fungus also acting as a leaching solvent (370). Addition levels of the active ingredient are in the 400-2000 ppm level and the active biocide is normally supplied dispersed in a plasticiser or ESBO carrier. 

A suitable latex stabilizer is essential in view of the high filler content. The cellulose thickener aids spreading by retarding loss of water into concrete or other porous substrates. Zinc diethyldithiocaibamate serves the dual function of antioxidant and fiingicide/bactericide, but additional biocide is advisable for use under adverse conditions. 

Papermaking additives can be categorized either as process additives or as functional additives. Process additives are materials that improve the operation of the paper machine, such as retention and drainage aids, biocides, dispersants, and defoamers they are primarily added at the wet end of the paper machine. Functional additives are materials that enhance or alter specific properties of the paper product, such as fillers (qv), sizing agents, dyes, optical brighteners, and wet- and dry-strength additives they may be added internally or to the surface of the sheet. 

Biocides that function as formaldehyde-releasers comprise about 60 % of total sales of antimicrobials (29). Thus, such antimicrobials are expected to be common additions to metalworking fluids. Examples of formaldehyde-releasing antimicrobials are tris(hydroxy methyl) nitromethane, trivially called tris nitro, 4,4 -(2-ethyl-2-... 

Biocides and antioxidants used as direct food additives are classified as preservatives (B-81MI11507, B-72MI11500). Their function is to enhance the keeping ability, or stability, of food products. The use of such additives is carefully controlled in most countries, and the majority of substances employed have a long history of safe use (b-81MH1509). 

Additive Any substance incorporated into a base material, usually in low concentrations, to perform a specific function (e.g. antioxidants, stabilisers, colorants, inhalators, thickeners, driers, dispersing agents, viscosity index improvers, biocides. 

Pentachlorophenol was chosen because it is a broad spectrum biocide widely used as a wood preservative and as a slime control agent.17-20 8-Hydroxyquinoline had been used as a fungicide before 1900 and is thought to function by chelating metal ions.21 23 Tribromosalicylanilide is an active biocide with low dermatological effects to humans.24-26 jj-g biocidal effects vary upon the addition of surfactants to its medium. o-... 

This is achieved by addition of a biocide whose function is to maintain the properties of the plastie article. These biocides are not intended to offer any external or hygienie effeet but merely prevent the efifeets of microbial growth on or in the plastic itself. 

Since triphenyltin hydride tends to interact with benzoyl peroxide to yield triphenyltin benzoate and other products (44) > a peroxide-catalyzed addition of this hydride to olefins is overshadowed by decomposition products. However, polar unsaturated compounds such as acrylonitrile add triphenyltin hydride readily via a supposed ionic mechanism (122,123). The reaction offers a new pathway to functional organotin derivatives of high biocidal activity ... 

Additives that control bacterial growth may therefore exert both biostatic and biocidal effects. The mechanism of action responsible for each effect is not generally the same. Biostatic action is considered to represent metabolic inhibition which is released when the additive is removed. Biocidal activity causes irreversible damage to a vital structure or function of the cell. Dispersants may also be used to prevent attachment to a surface. 

Zinc is non-toxic in general, however, a surplus of it can be stored in the bones and spleen, and the most significant toxic effect of zinc is fume fever, that can result from acute inhalation of zinc oxide fumes. Zinc oxide is used in the rubber industry (it is a catalyst during manufacture and also used as a heat dispenser in the final product), as well as in pigments for plastics and in wallpaper. It also functions as a UV stabiliser for plastics and rubbers. In addition to these, it is possible to find mercury vapour indoors, emitted mainly from the biocides used in paints. 

Chem. Descrip. Porous inorg. material encapsulating a biocide Uses Carrier, protectant, controlled release agent for biocides, fungicides and functional additives in paints/coatings, metalworking fluids, water/waste treatment, cosmetics, toiletries, household prods., plastics, paper, wood, textiles... 

Cationic surfactants can also be used as functional additives in traditional chain lubricant formulations, including biocides, stress-craze inhibitors and coupling agents. As mentioned above, the first use of alkylamines in chain lubricants was as an additive in a traditional, soap-based formulation to improve the stability of the system. Ethoxylated amines have also been employed as coupling agents in an alkaline diamine track lubricant, while tertiary amines have found utility as saponifying agents in traditional, soap-based chain formulations. 

Cationic surfactants fall into several categories depending on the nature of their cationic polar heads. Some of them have functional groups susceptible to protonation e.g. amines) and thus display cationic properties particularly in acidic media, while others, such as quaternary ammonium salts, exhibit a permanent positive charge. In household products, cationic surfactants are primarily applied in fabric softeners and hair preparations. Other applications of cationic surfactants include disinfectants and biocides, emulsifiers, wetting agents and processing additives. By volume, the most important cationic surfactants in household products are the alkyl ester ammonium salts that... 

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