High filler content

For the production of preceramic slurries, fillers in the submicron range have to be used to achieve homogeneous infiltration of a fiber bundle with several thousands of filaments. This requires detailed knowledge of the rheological behavior of the powder-filled dissolved polymers. Additives are necessary to achieve high filler contents and good rheological behavior. 

Because of the dark self-color of phenolics, which are processed predominantly with a high filler content (up to 80% ), there are limits to their coloration. 

Ito, H., Kumari, R., Takatani, M., Okamoto, T., Hattori, H., and Fujiyoshi, I., Viscoelastic Evaluation of Effects of Fiber Size and Composition on Cellulose-Polypropylene Composite of High Filler Content, Polym. Eng. Set, 48, 415 (2008)... 

Thermal blacks are used for mechanical rubber goods with high filler contents. Cheaper products (clays, milled coals, and cokes), however, have become increasingly important as substitutes for economic reasons. The total production of thermal blacks is, therefore, decreasing. 

When used as a single catalyst in concentrations of about 10 pph, the mixed epoxy formulation shows a very low viscosity, which is ideal for the incorporation of high filler contents. 

In the realm of modern, nitric-ester-free - LOVA Gun Propellants, the widely used inert binders consume energy and to some extend have an undesirably high overall phlegmatizing effect on the explosive material. The high filler content of an explosive substance has a detrimental effect on the mechanical strength of this type of propellant. 

Grain compositions built up according to sieve line 6, n — 0.3, still have a somewhat lower void space than those built up according to sieve line 5. Because of the high filler content (26%) the quantity of sulfur which is necessary to glue the grains must be increased overpropor-tionally, as compared with the somewhat lower void space, to obtain workable mixtures (Table IV). 

Even materials with a high filler content (e.g. dental fillings) can be identified quite reliably by difference spectroscopy, as long as the filler is mainly monodispers. Organically filled construction materials with a low binder concentration can be identified if the characteristic absorption of the binder does not coincide with strong bands of the filler. 

With ultrafine S1O2 filler, there is no toughening effect, even at high filler content up to 5% vol. Both the critical energy Jo.2 2nd the crack propagation resistance dJ/dAa are reduced compared to unfilled PP, leading to a very stiff and brittle material. 

Semiconductive materials having conductivity between 10 and 10 S/cm have been studied more extensively. They are obtained by dispersion of conductive fillers—metallic and carbon based—in an insulating matrix. High filler contents are required, from 10 to 15% for fibres and 30% for spheres, to reach a percolation level leading to microwave losses. 

Pinholing Small bubbles of air trapped in the gelcoat before gelling also when resin is too viscous or too-high filler content or when gelcoat wets release agent imperfectly... 

High filler content in aggregates (usually >10% for aggregates used in bituminous mixtures or >15% for aggregates used in unbound layers) contributes to (a) increase of the bitumen content and increase of the water content for optimum compaction density, (b) decrease of the mixture workability, (c) the aggregate coating, (d) stiffness of the bituminous mix and (e) the balling effect in either cold or hot bituminous mixtures. 

The primary features of this mixture, in comparison to all the abovementioned asphalts, are its high filler content, its higher binder content, its almost zero permeability, its use of harder bitumen and its high cost primarily due to the high binder content incorporated. 

The silane is the essential ingredient that enables this large amount of fumed silica (Aerosil ) to be dispersed into the coating system. How the silane enables the dispersion of the fumed silica in the system is an essential part of the technology. Simple addition of a small amount of sUane to an acrylic suspension of fumed silica does not lead to low-viscosity formulations. We believe it is the organophilic siloxane shell (Fig. 4) that has been placed around the fumed silica particles that allows for the high filler content. 

The fibers increase both binding area and binding strength. So, they are applicable in high strength, high bulk, high filler content paper and board. The nanomaterials also find applications in porous nanocellulosic... 

Howard, E. G. 1978. Injection molding of homogeneous polyolefin compositions with high filler content. FR 2,355,855. Priority application date December 30,1976. 

If microfibrillated cellulose is used instead of complete fibres, the specific surface area increases dramatically. This is expected to compensate for the loss in interfibre bonding caused by mineral fillers. Thus, higher proportions of filler in paper are enabled. High filler content has a major effect toward lowering the raw materials costs in papermaking and also opens potential to develop novel engineered paper grades. 

The grammage, PCC content and thickness of the sheets formed are shown in Table 5.6. The thicknesses of the handsheets formed in the laboratory were the same for both the high-filler-content and reference samples. Commercial copy paper has a lower thickness than the laboratory-made paper. Among the laboratory handsheets, softwood fibre samples exhibit higher thickness. 

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