Acrylonitrile copolymer and nitrile

Motionless Mixer Blending of Styrene/ Acrylonitrile Copolymer and Nitrile Rubber to Form ABS... 

ASTM, D 4322 - Residual Acrylonitrile Monomer Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymers and Nitrile Rubber by Headspace Gas Chromatography (2001)... 

Residual acrylonitrile content of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers and nitrile rubber ASTM D4322... 

Nevertheless, it would seem reasonable that, in the absence of any liquid plasticizer medium at all, mobility of ionic impurities would be reduced to such a low level that volume resistivity would remain high. For example, it is well known that polyvinyl chloride can be blended with nitrile rubber, such as Goodrich Hycar 1032 butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymer, and such polyblends are quite soft and flexible without the use of any liquid plasticizer at all (Table VII). 

In the recent miscibility studies with a-methyl styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer and a a-methyl styrene/methyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile terpolymer (8), it was found that almost all miscible second components contain amides, imides, nitriles, or esters, each of which contains lone-pair electrons capable of donor-acceptor complexation—a state which... 

Blends of butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer rubber (nitrile rubber or NBR) and PVC are among the oldest known examples of commercial elastomer/ thermoplastic blends. The shortage of natural rubber during World War II stimulated research in the USA on the compounding and modification of synthetic polymers to produce rubber-like materials. An outcome of this research was the commercial introduction of NBR/PVC blends by B.F. Goodrich in 1947 under the trade name of Geon Polyblends [Pittenger and Cohan, 1947]. The blend showed improved ozone resistance and melt processability compared to the nitrile rubber (Table 15.12). 

During the World War II, several new synthetic elastomers were prodnced, and new types of adhesives (mainly styrene-butadiene and acrylonitrile copolymers (see Nitrile rubber adhesives)) were manufactured to produce adequate performance in joints produced with new difficult-to-bond substrates. Furthermore, formulations to work under extreme enviromnental conditions (high temperature, resistance to chemicals, improved resistance to ageing) were obtained using polychloroprene (Neoprene) adhesives (see Polychloroprene rubber adhesives applications and properties and Polychloroprene rubber adhesives modifiers and additives). Most of those adhesives need vnlcanization in order to perform properly. 

Nitriles and their simple derivatives also styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers and polyacrylonitrile A 3... 

The Kjeldahl digestion procedure described quantitatively decomposes amines, amino compounds, amino acids, amides, nitriles and their simple derivatives and also many refractory nitrogen compounds. Quantitative decomposition of nitrogen containing polymers, e.g., styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers and polyacrylonitrile, is achieved. 

Nitriles and their simple derivatives also styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers and polyacrylonitrile Refractory nitrogen compounds Nitro, nitroso and azo compounds hydrozones, oximes and some heterocyclic nitrogen compounds Many azo compounds, volatile nitro compounds, diazo ketones and certain semicarbazones... 

Nitrile mbber finds broad application in industry because of its excellent resistance to oil and chemicals, its good flexibility at low temperatures, high abrasion and heat resistance (up to 120°C), and good mechanical properties. Nitrile mbber consists of butadiene—acrylonitrile copolymers with an acrylonitrile content ranging from 15 to 45% (see Elastomers, SYNTHETIC, NITRILE RUBBER). In addition to the traditional applications of nitrile mbber for hoses, gaskets, seals, and oil well equipment, new applications have emerged with the development of nitrile mbber blends with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). These blends combine the chemical resistance and low temperature flexibility characteristics of nitrile mbber with the stability and ozone resistance of PVC. This has greatly expanded the use of nitrile mbber in outdoor applications for hoses, belts, and cable jackets, where ozone resistance is necessary. 

Nitrile Rubber. Vulcanized mbber sheets of NBR and montmorillonite clay intercalated with Hycar ATBN, a butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer have been synthesized (36). These mbber hybrids show enhanced reinforcement (up to four times as large) relative to both carbon black-reinforced and pure NBR. Additionally, these hybrids are more easily processed than carbon black-filled mbbers. 

BP. These nitrile alloy membranes are compounded from PVC, flexibilized by the addition of butadiene—acrylonitrile copolymers, PVC, and other proprietary ingredients. Typically reinforced with polyester scrim, NBP membranes are 1 mm thick and have a width of 1.5 m. They ate ptedominandy used in mechanically fastened roofing systems. NBP membranes exhibit excellent teat and puncture resistance as well as good weatherabihty, and remain flexible at low temperatures. They ate resistant to most chemicals but ate sensitive to aromatic hydrocarbons. The sheet is usually offered in light colors. The physical characteristics of NBP membranes have been described (15). 

The economic importance of copolymers can be cleady illustrated by a comparison of U.S. production of various homopolymer and copolymer elastomers and resins (102). Figure 5 shows the relative contribution of elastomeric copolymers (SBR, ethylene—propylene, nitrile mbber) and elastomeric homopolymers (polybutadiene, polyisoprene) to the total production of synthetic elastomers. Clearly, SBR, a random copolymer, constitutes the bulk of the entire U.S. production. Copolymers of ethylene and propylene, and nitrile mbber (a random copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile) are manufactured in smaller quantities. Nevertheless, the latter copolymers approach the volume of elastomeric butadiene homopolymers. 

Several other elastic materials may be made by copolymerising one of the above monomers with lesser amounts of one or more monomers. Notable amongst these are SBR, a copolymer of butadiene and styrene, and nitrile rubber (NBR), a copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile. The natural rubber molecule is structurally a c/i -1,4-polyisoprene so that it is convenient to consider natural rubber in this chapter. Some idea of the relative importance of these materials may be gauged from the data in Table 11.14. 

At one time butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers (nitrile rubbers) were the most important impact modifiers. Today they have been largely replaced by acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) graft terpolymers, methacrylate-buta-diene-styrene (MBS) terpolymers, chlorinated polyethylene, EVA-PVC graft polymers and some poly acrylates. 

Synthesis and Modification of New Acrylonitrile Polymers and Copolymers with the Use of Polymer-Analogous Transformations of the Nitrile Groups 115... 

The electrophilic functions most commonly used in grafting onto processes are ester 141 144), benzylic halide 145,146) and oxirane, 47). Other functions such as nitrile or anhydride could be used as well. The backbone is a homopolymer (such as PMMA) or a copolymer containing both functionalized and unfunctionalized units. Such species can be obtained either by free radical copolymerization (e.g. styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer) or by partial chemical modification of a homopolymer (e.g. 

FIGURE 23.4 Solubility parameter spectra for elastomers ethylene propylene, nitrile (at 22% and 38% acrylonitrile content) and tetrafluoroethylene propylene copolymer. 

The isoprene units in the copolymer impart the ability to crosslink the product. Polystyrene is far too rigid to be used as an elastomer but styrene copolymers with 1,3-butadiene (SBR rubber) are quite flexible and rubbery. Polyethylene is a crystalline plastic while ethylene-propylene copolymers and terpolymers of ethylene, propylene and diene (e.g., dicyclopentadiene, hexa-1,4-diene, 2-ethylidenenorborn-5-ene) are elastomers (EPR and EPDM rubbers). Nitrile or NBR rubber is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and 1,3-butadiene. Vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene and olefin-acrylic ester copolymers and 1,3-butadiene-styrene-vinyl pyridine terpolymer are examples of specialty elastomers. 

A high polymer resulting from the polymerisation of a mixture of two different monomers styrene-butadiene mbber, butyl (isoprene-isobutylene) mbber and nitrile (acrylonitrile-butadiene) mbber are typical copolymers. 

Nitrile rubber has declined in importance, but has been replaced by styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene... 

Nitrile rubbers, the original driving force behind acrylonitrile production, have taken a less significant place as end-use products. They are butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers with an acrylonitrile content ranging from 15 to 45%, and find industrial applications in... 

Butadiene is used primarily in the production of synthetic rubbers, including styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polybutadiene nibber (BR), styrene-butadiene latex (SBL), chloroprene rubber (CR) and nitrile rubber (NR). Important plastics containing butadiene as a monomeric component are shock-resistant polystyrene, a two-phase system consisting of polystyrene and polybutadiene ABS polymers consisting of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene and a copolymer of methyl methacrylate, butadiene and styrene (MBS), which is used as a modifier for poly(vinyl chloride). It is also used as an intermediate in the production of chloroprene, adiponitrile and other basic petrochemicals. The worldwide use pattern for butadiene in 1981 was as follows (%) SBR + SBL, 56 BR, 22 CR, 6 NR, 4 ABS, 4 hexamethylenediamine, 4 other, 4. The use pattern for butadiene in the United States in 1995 was (%) SBR, 31 BR, 24 SBL, 13 CR, 4 ABS, 5 NR, 2 adiponitrile, 12 and other, 9 (Anon., 1996b). 

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