Acids toxicity

Chloroacetic Acid—Toxicity Profile," The British Industrial Biological Research Association (BIBRA), Surrey, England, 1988. 

The nephrotoxic amino acid, lyskioalanine [18810-04-3] formed upon alkaline treatment of proteki, was reported ki 1964 (108). Its toxicity seems to be mitigated ki proteki ki that it is not released by normal digestion (109). Naturally occurring new amino acids, which can be classified as protekiaceous or non-protekiaceous, can, as ki the case of those from some legumes, show a remarkable toxicity (110). Eor the details of amino acid toxicity, see reference 6. Enzyme inhibition by amino acids and thek derivatives have been reviewed (111). 

Pantothenic acid toxicity has not been reported in humans. Massive doses (10 g/d) in humans have produced mild intestinal distress and diarrhea. Acute toxicity was observed in case of mice and rats by using calcium pantothenate at fairly large doses (92). 

Health Hazards Information - Recommended Personal Protective Equipment Rubber or plastic gloves face shield respirator fire-retardant clothing Symptoms Following Exposure Contact with eyes causes caustic irritation or burn. In contact with skin lithium react with body moisture to cause chemical burns foil, ribbon, and wire react relatively slowly General Treatment for Exposure EYES or SKIN flush with water and treat with boric acid Toxicity by Inhalation (ThresholdUmit Value) Data not available Short-Term Inhalation Limits Data not available Toxicity by Ingestion Data not available Late Toxicity Data not available Vapor (Gas) Irritant Characteristics Data not available Liquid or Solid Irritant Characteristics Data not available Odor Threshold Data not available. 

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water. When potassiiun cyanide dissolves in water, a mild reaction occurs and poisonous hydrogen cyanide gas is released. The gas readily dissipates, however if it collects in a confined space, then workers may be exposed to toxic levels. If the water is acidic, toxic amounts of the gas will form instantly Reactivity with Common Materials Contact with even weak acids will result in the formation of deadly hydrogen cyanide gas Stability During Transport Stable Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Not pertinent Polymerization Not pertinent Inhibitor of Polymerization Not pertinent. 

Acid toxicity and aquatic animals. Edited by R. Morris, E.W. Taylor, O.J.A. Brown and J.A. Brown... 

Salicylism, or salicylic acid toxicity, is characterized by rapid breathing, tinnitus, hearing loss, dizziness, abdominal cramps, and central nervous system reactions. It has been reported with 20% salicylic acid applied to 50% of the body surface, and it has also been reported with use of 40 and 50% salicylic acid paste preparations [7]. The author has peeled more than 1,000 patients with the current 20 and 30% marketed ethanol formulations and has observed no cases of salicylism. 

Bai CL, Stacey NH. 1993. Effects of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform on bile acid transport in isolated rat hepatocytes relationship to elevated serum bile acids. Toxic In Vitro 7(3) 197-203. 

The RDA for pantothenic acid in adult men and women is 5 mg/day. Pregnant and lactating women need, respectively, 6 and 7 mg/day. As usual, children need less. Organ meats, milk, bread products, and fortified cereals are excellent sources of this vitamin. There are no reports of pantothenic acid toxicity and there is no established... 

Siegel, E. and S. Wason. 1986. Boric acid toxicity. Pediatr. Clin. North Amer. 33 363-367. 

Genetics Glucose toxicity Free fatty acid toxicity... 

Leventhal, L., Sortwell, C. E., Hanbury, R., Collier, T. J., Kordower, J. H., and Palfi, S., 2000, Cyclosporin A protects striatal neurons in vitro and in vivo from 3-nitropropionic acid toxicity, J. Comp. Neurol. 425, pp. 471-478... 

Cohen SR, David DM, Kramkowski RS. 1974. Clinical manifestations of chromic acid toxicity Nasal lesions in electroplate workers. Cutis 13 558-568. 

Detonating velocity Similar to picric acid Toxicity Moderate... 

Many acetate esters (such as those of isoamyl, benzyl, citroneUyl, and geranyl alcohols) are components of natural flavors. They can be obtained by Upase-cata-lyzed esteriflcation in organic solvents, but the major problem with enzymatic acetylations is deactivation of lipases by acetic acid [8, 9]. Most of the Upase-catalyzed syntheses of esters have been carried out by transesterification to avoid free acid toxicity and water formation. Claon and Akoh [10] found that immobilized lipases from Candida antarctica promote highly effective direct esterification of geraniol and citronellol with acetic acid. 

Habes, D., Morakchi, S., Aribi, N., Farine, J.-P, and Soltani, N., Boric acid toxicity to the German cockroach, Batella germanica Alterations in midgut structure, and acetylcholinesterase and gluthathione S-transferase activity, Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 84,17, 2006. 

The Molecular and Integrative Basis to Domoic Acid Toxicity... 

Subsequently, several studies have provided more detailed information on domoic acid action as an excitotoxin. The presynaptic action of domoic acid to induce glutamate release was extended to include other excitatoiy and inhibitoiy neurotransmitters and linked to the entiy of calcium through voltage operated calcium channels, suggesting that domoic acid toxicity may involve multiple transmitters (Brown and Nijjar 1995 Duran et al. 1995a Malva et al. 1996). Domoic acid effects on intracellular calcium were next characterized by FURA-2 imaging of the hilar region of individual... 

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