Acids fumar

See Maleic acid, fumaric acid, and maleic anhydride. 

Property Maleic anhydride Maleic acid Fumaric acid R(... 

Fumaric Acid. Fumaric acid is used to acidify beverages for human consumption and has many iadustrial uses. Its acidic properties can cause skin and eye irritation. Fumaric acid combusts when exposed to heat or flame and can react vigorously with oxidizing agents. 

Fig. 3. Resin acids in rosin sizes, R = CH(CH2)2- The rosin acids are represented here as abietic acid [514-10-3] (1) and levopimaric acid [79-54-9] (2). In rosin there are other isomers and disproportionation products. The product of reaction with fumaric acid (3) is levopimaric acid— fumaric acid adduct...

L-aspartic acid fumaric acid + NH aspartase E. coii ... 

The diacids are characterized by two carboxyHc acid groups attached to a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain. AUphatic, linear dicarboxyhc acids of the general formula HOOC(CH2) COOH, and branched dicarboxyhc acids are the subject of this article. The more common aUphatic diacids (oxaUc, malonic, succinic, and adipic) as weU as the common unsaturated diacids (maleic acid, fumaric acid), the dimer acids (qv), and the aromatic diacids (phthaUc acids) are not discussed here (see Adipic acid Maleic anhydride, maleic acid, and fumaric acid Malonic acid and derivatives Oxalic acid Phthalic acid and OTHERBENZENE-POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS SucciNic ACID AND SUCCINIC ANHYDRIDE). The bihinctionahty of the diacids makes them versatile materials, ideally suited for a variety of condensation polymerization reactions. Several diacids are commercially important chemicals that are produced in multimillion kg quantities and find appHcation in a myriad of uses. 

Karrer and Schmid have examined the water-soluble constituents in poppy straw after extraction of the alkaloids, and have recorded the presence of -hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, -hydroxystyrene, meconin and the following acids fumaric, dZ-lactic, benzoic, -hydroxycinnamic, p-hydroxybenzoic, 2-hydroxycinchoninic, vanillic, phthalic, hemipinic and m-hemipinic, with a more highly unsaturated, carboxylic acid J, b.p. 170-570-02 mm., and three unidentified substances Fa , m.p. 271-2° Wx, m.p. 310° (dec.) and Q, m.p. 260° the two latter are free from nitrogen and contain no methoxyl. 

Oxo-benzo[b] benzofurano[26-e] oxepin Sulfuric acid Fumaric acid... 

Property H H C=C HOOC COOH Maleic acid Maleic Acid H, COOH ooc "= Fumaric acid Fumaric Acid... 

Buffers are necessary to adjust and maintain the pH. Buffering agents can be salts of a weak acid and a weak base. Examples are ammonium, potassium, sodium carbonates (caustic soda), bicarbonates, and hydrogen phosphates [1345]. Weak acids such as formic acid, fumaric acid, and sulfamic acid also are recommended. Common aqueous buffer ingredients are shown in Table 17-8. 

The aromatic spacer group of the model receptors prevent the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the opposing carboxyls yet these functions are ideally positioned for intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the sort indicated in 32. The acridine derivatives do indeed form stoichiometric complexes with oxalic, malonic (and C-substituted malonic acids) as well as maleic and phthalic acids, Fumaric, succinic or glutaric acids did not form such complexes. Though protonation appears to be a necessary element in the recognition of these diacids, the receptor has more to... 

Aliphatic acids (fumaric acid, maleic acid) are rapidly oxidized at the Sn02 anode, whereas they are practically electrochemically inactive at the Pt anode. The process at the Sn02 is able to completely oxidize phenol, which is quite unique for a low temperature process. 

Uses. About 60% of the MA produced is used to make unsaturated polyester and aikyd resins, which are formed by reaction of MA with glycols. Polyester resins are used in the fabrication of glass fiber reinforced parts. Applications include boat hulls, automobile body parts, patio furniture, shower stalls, and pipe. Aikyd resins are mostly used in coatings (paint, varnish, lacquers, and enamels). MA also is widely used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of plasticizers and dibasic acids (fumaric, maleic, and succinic). About 15% of MA production goes into the manufacture of viscosity index improvers and dispersants used as additives in lube oils. Several agricultural chemicals are based on maleic anhydride, the best known being Malathion. 

The peak at 17.34 min is 50 pg ml mesaconic acid which was added as a possible internal standard, but it proved unsuitable because of an unknown peak eluting at 16.78 minutes seen when analysing silage juice without added internal standard oxalic acid suffered from the same problem. We still need a suitable internal standard for this column, thus further use was suspended. Other failed compounds included adipic acid, fumaric acid, D-glucuronic acid, glutaric acid, glycolic acid, 3-hydroxybutanone, itaconic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, pimelic acid and succinic acid. 

Aminex HPX-87C UV210 nm 15 % acetonitrile in 0.01MHjSO4, containing 1 mM CaS04 Benzoic acid. Citric acid. Malic acid, Fumaric acid, etc. 39... 

Oliveri-Mandald found that HN3 adds to benzoquinone to give azido-hydroquinone [44]. Extension of this reaction to acetylenes led to triazoles [45] and failed entirely with cinnamic acid, fumaric acid, styrene, vinyl bromide, ethylene, and other olefinic compounds [46]. 

Maleic Acid Fumaric Acid Maleic Anhydride... 

Unsaturated 1,2-dicarboxylic acids, fumaric and maleic acid or maleic anhydride, react with sulfur tetrafluoride to give, independent of the configuration, only linear products, ( )- or (Z)-l.l,l,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-enes 27.41,118... 

Maleic acid Fumaric acid Itaconic acid Citraconic acid Crotonic acid... 

The second essential component of the base copolymer are monomers, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, etc. Although maleic anhydride is not a carboxylic acid in that it has no hydrogen attached to the carboxyl groups, it can be considered an acid for the purposes to be incorporated in... 

Contains one or more optioned acidifying ingredients adipic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, glucono-delta lactone, hydrochloric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, phosphoric acid, succinic acid, and tartaric acid. 

Acids fumaric, lactic, malic, oxalic and some others... 

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