Fumaric acid-iron

Paiaro, G., R. Palumbo, A.Musco, and M. Panunzi The resolution of the fumaric acid-iron-tetracarbonyl complex. Tetrahedron Letters [London] 1965, 1067. 

Hsiou, Y., Wang, Y. and Liu, L.-K. (1989). Structures of tetracarbonyl (2-3-r -maleic acid)iron, cA-[Fe(C4H404)(C0)4], and tetracarbonyl (2-3-r -fumaric acid)iron, trara-[Fe(C4H404)(C0)4]. Acta Crystallogr. C45,... 

Pedone, C. and Sirigu, A. (1968). Crystal structure and absolute configuration of (-)-tetracarbonyl(fumaric acid)iron. Inorg. Chem. 7, 2614. 

C7HigClNORh, Chloro(diethylamine)ethylenecarbonylrhodium, 423, 654 CgHuFeOa, (-)-Tetracarbonyl(fumaric acid)iron, 333, 407 CgHftFeOs, DL-Tetracarbonyl(fumaric acid)iron, 323, 343 C8H8Cl2N2Pt, 1-(4-Cyanopyridine)-3-ethylene-2,4-dichloroplatinum-(II), 413, 877... 

The X-ray structure of the fumaric acid iron tetracarbonyl complex, 1.2 [45carboxyl groups are bent out of the C=C axis, away from the Fe(CO)4 group. Thus the C-COOH bond shows a little greater /7-character than sp and there is probably a considerable back-donation from the Fe(CO)4 group to the /Tyr -orbitals theC=C system. 

Fumarates. lron(Il) fumarate [141 -01 -5], Fe(C4H20, is prepared by mixing hot aqueous solutions of sodium fumarate and iron(Il) sulfate followed by filtration of the resulting slurry. It has limited solubiUty in water but is more soluble in acid solution. The compound is red-orange to red-brown and finds uses as a hematinic. A non stoichiometric compound [7705-12-6] and iron(Ill) fumarate [52118-11-3], Fe2(C4H20 3, are also available. 

Maleic and fumaric acids are cis- and irons- Maleic acid gives up its first proton more readily isomers having two carboxyl groups, than does fumaric acid. However, the opposite... 

Fumarate polyesters, reaction rate with styrene, 20 105-107 Fumarate polymers, 20 100 Fumarates, iron, 14 537 Fumaric acid, 12 45 15 481-482, 507 in citric acid cycle, 6 633 health and safety factors related to,... 

A large amount of rice bran caused excessive fungal growth rather than enhance fumaric acid production. In addition, we could produce fumaric acid without the addition of zinc and iron. Fungal culture broth containing approx 25 g/L of fumaric acid was directly employed for succinic acid conversion. The amount of glycerol and yeast extract required for succinic acid conversion was reduced to 70 and 30%, respectively, compared with the amounts cited in previous studies. 

To optimize the culture medium for fumaric acid production, we investigated the effects of rice bran concentrations and various carbon sources. When rice bran was used as a nitrogen source, the effects of additional elements (phosphate, magnesium, zinc, and iron) on fumaric acid production were also investigated. The medium previously reported by Zhou et al. (11) was used as the basal medium. Fermentations were performed in 250-mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 100 mL of medium. 

Effect of Phosphate, Magnesium, Zinc, and Iron on Fumaric Acid Production Using Rice Bran ... 

With the use of rice bran as a nitrogen source, we studied the effect of phosphate, magnesium, zinc, and iron on fumaric acid production. Although magnesium, zinc, and iron did not cause any effect (Mg2+ trials 1 and 4, Zn2+ trials 1 and 3, Fe2+ trials 1 and 2), phosphate was crucial to fumaric acid production (trials 12 and 16). 

Several aUcene complexes of iron(O) have been reported, of general formula Fe(CO)4(alkene), where the aUcene can be ethylene, acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride, or methyl methacrylate. In these complexes, the original trigonal bipyramidal structure of the pentacarbonyl is retained with one of the equatorial positions now being occupied by the alkene ligand. The tetracarbonyliron(O) complex of fumaric acid has idealized C2 symmetry and has been resolved into its two enantiomers. ... 

An X-ray analysis (138) of racemic (fumaric acid)Fe(CO)4 shows a trigonal bipyramidal arrangement of the five ligands about the iron atom with the double bond at an equatorial position (63). The complex molecules are hydrogen-bonded through the fumaric acid ligands. Unlike... 

Catabolism of tyrosine and tryptophan begins with oxygen-requiring steps. The tyrosine catabolic pathway, shown at the end of this chapter, results in the formation of fumaric acid and acetoaceticacid, Iryptophan catabolism commences with the reaction catalyzed by tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase. This enzyme catalyzes conversion of the amino acid to N-formyl-kynurenine The enzyme requires iron and copper and thus is a metalloenzyme. The final products of the pathway are acetoacetyl-CoA, acetyl-Co A, formic add, four molecules of carbon dioxide, and two ammonium ions One of the intermediates of tryptophan catabolism, a-amino-P-carboxyrnuconic-6-semialdchydc, can be diverted from complete oxidation, and used for the synthesis of NAD (see Niacin in Chapter 9). 

CAS 141-01-5. FeC4FL,04. Anhydrous salt of a combination of ferrous iron and fumaric acid, stable, odorless, substantially tasteless. Reddish-brown, anhydrous powder, contains 33% iron by weight, does not melt at temperatures up to 280C, insoluble in alcohol, very slightly soluble in water. Combustible. 

Photochemical reaction of bifunctional ketoenamines in CCI4 with maleic and fumaric acids and esters can be used for stereoselective synthesis of cis and irons alkyl 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanecarboxylates in good yield (equation 248). 

Addition of a small proportion of iron (II) sulfate to D-tartaric acid-hydrogen peroxide causes rapid conversion into a product closely related to dihydroxymaleic acid. Occurrence of a reaction with substituted hydrazines indicates the presence of a keto acid (1), and isolation of a diacetate and a dibenzoate favors the hypothesis of formation of dihydroxy-fumaric acid (2). On the basis of pH studies, Hatcher and Sturrock ... 

Structure X in Figure 300 shows interpenetrating tetrahedra with carbon centers and a single bond between these carbons. Van t Hoff correctly postulated that there is free rotation about such single bonds. Structures XIa, Xlb, XII, and XIII rationalize cis and Irons isomerism (e.g., the difference between maleic acid and fumaric acid). Structure XIV explains the widespread occurrence of six-membered rings in chemistry and aspects of Baeyer s strain theory. ... 

Fumaric acid INS No 270, FW 116.07, Chem. name trani-bntanedioic acid, trans-l,2-ethylene-dicarboxylic acid. Fumaric acid is naturally found in rice, sngar cane, wine, plant leaves, bean sprouts, and edible mushrooms in small amonnts (is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle), and is also produced in sun-exposed skin. The fnnctional nses are as an acidity regnlator and a flavoring agent. The ADI is not specified for fnmaric acid. The ferrons salt of fumaric acid can be used as iron fortifier. The common application areas inclnde bakery, confectionary, and drinks. It can also be used by mixing with other acidifiers. 

Definition A salt of ferrous iron combined with fumaric acid, contg. 31.3% min. total iron, < 2% ferric iron... 

Ferric pyrophosphate Ferric sodium pyrophosphate Ferrous fumarate Ferrous gluconate Ferrous gluconate dihydrate Ferrous lactate Ferrous sulfate anhydrous Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate Ferrous sulfate monohydrate Fumaric acid D-Gluconic acid Glucose L-Glutamic acid hydrochloride L-Glutamine Glycine Histidine hydrochloride monohydrate L-Histidine Inositol Iron Iron ammonium citrate... 

Calcium carbide Calcium cyanamide Di-iron phosphide Magnesium iron oxide removal Citric acid iron processing Bismuth iron refining Calcium cyanamide iron removal Aluminum sulfate iron source Sodium ferric EDTA iron source, food Ferrous fumarate iron source, infant formulas Ferrous fumarate iron source, nutritional food Ferric pyrophosphate iron source, nutritional infant formulas Ferric pyrophosphate iron source, nutritional pharmaceuticals Ferric pyrophosphate iron source, pharmaceuticals Ferrous fumarate iron source, special dietary food Ferric choline citrate iron, tempering Potassium ferricyanide iron/manganese removal, water treatment Calcium hydroxide iron/steel casting Tellurium... 

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