Antioxidants fumaric acid

Fumaric acid Acidulant, flavoring agent, chelating agent synergist Exhibits synergism when used in combination with other true antioxidants. Low aqueous solubility... 

Fumaric acid is used primarily in liquid pharmaceutical preparations as an acidulant and flavoring agent. Fumaric acid may be included as the acid part of effervescent tablet formulations, although this use is limited as the compound has an extremely low solubility in water. It is also used as a chelating agent which exhibits synergism when used in combination with other true antioxidants. 

In short, polarography can be used for the analysis of C—N, C—O, N—O, O—O, S—S, and C—S groups and for the analysis of heterocyclic compounds. Also, many important biochemical species are electroactive, such as vitamin C (ascorbic acid), fumaric acid, vitamin B factors (riboflavin, thiamine, niacin), antioxidants such as tocopherols (vitamin E), A-nitrosamines, ketose sugars (fructose and sorbose), and the steroid aldosterone. 

Tobacco contains a lot of polysaccharides, including cellulose, hemicellu-lose, lignin, etc. The carbohydrate content can reach to about 22% of the dry weight of tobacco. The polysaccharides can be used as a raw material for chemical building blocks, such as fumaric acid, succinic acid, etc. A recent report indicated that tobacco polysaccharides have antioxidant activity. ... 

Substances which enhance the activity of antioxidants are called synergists. The main examples are lecithin, amino acids, citric, phosphoric, cit-raconic and fumaric acids, i. e. compounds which... 

The FCC is to food-additive chemicals what the USP—NF is to dmgs. In fact, many chemicals that are used in dmgs also are food additives (qv) and thus may have monographs in both the USP—NF and in the FCC. Examples of food-additive chemicals are ascorbic acid [50-81-7] (see Vitamins), butylated hydroxytoluene [128-37-0] (BHT) (see Antioxidants), calcium chloride [10043-52-4] (see Calcium compounds), ethyl vanillin [121-32-4] (see Vanillin), ferrous fumarate [7705-12-6] and ferrous sulfate [7720-78-7] (see Iron compounds), niacin [59-67-6] sodium chloride [7647-14-5] sodium hydroxide [1310-73-2] (see lkaliand cm ORiNE products), sodium phosphate dibasic [7558-79-4] (see Phosphoric acids and phosphates), spearmint oil [8008-79-5] (see Oils, essential), tartaric acid [133-37-9] (see Hydroxy dicarboxylic acids), tragacanth [9000-65-1] (see Gums), and vitamin A [11103-57-4]. 

Norstictic acid, physodic acid, evemic acid, usnic acid, salazinic acid, fumar-protocetraric acid, protocetraric acid, atranorin and zeorin isolated from different lichen species are relatively strong antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents (Kosanic et al. 2010, 2013, 2014 Manojlovic et al. 2012 Rankovic et al. 2014). 

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