Acid propoxylates

Step D Chemical Reduction Preparation of 3-Morpholino-4-(3-tert-Butylamino-2-Hydroxy-propoxyl-l,2,5-Thiadiazole — The 3-morpholino-4-(3-tert-butylamino-2-oxopropoxy)-1,2,5-thiadiazole (0.01 mol) is dissolved in isopropanol (10 ml). To the solution is added sodium borohydride in portions until the initial evolution of heat and gas subsides. The excess sodium borohydride is destroyed by addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid until the mixture remains acidic. The precipitate of sodium chloride is removed, ether is added, and the solution is concentrated to crystallization. The solid material is removed by filtration and dried thus providing 3-morpholino-4-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-1,2,5-thiadiazole, MP 161° to 163°C (as hydrochloride). 

Ethoxylated and propoxylated alkylphenol amines, converted into the amides with a fatty acid or similar long chain diacids, are effective in controlling sour and sweet corrosion [1782,1783,1785-1787]. 

Polycarboxylated polyalkoxylates and their sulfate derivatives may be prepared by reacting an ethoxylated or propoxylated alcohol with a water-soluble, alkali or earth alkali metal salt of an unsaturated carboxylic acid [339]. The reaction occurs in aqueous solution in the presence of a free radical initiator and gives products of enhanced yield and reduced impurity levels, compared with the essentially anhydrous reactions with free carboxylic acids, which have been used otherwise. The method provides products that give solutions that are clear on neutralization, remain clear and homogeneous on dilution, and are useful as cleaning agents in drilling and other oil field operations. 

In the case of an aliphatic alcohol such as iso-octanol, a similar level of defoaming activity together with a much less offensive odour can be achieved by using a propoxylated ester of a branched aliphatic acid, such as propylene-1,2-glycol mononeodecanoate (10.290). 

Ethoxylation of alcohols, alkylphenols, fatty acids, and many other organic raw materials is also a very important reaction for the surfactant industry, used to produce a broad variety of surfactants, most of which belong to the non-ionics group. The reaction with propoxylation (PO) is also practised, although to a lesser degree. The product used for ethoxylation is EO, or PO in the case of propoxylation, and is conducted using alkaline catalysts such as NaOH or NaOCH3. 

Synthetic, fat-tike substances Lhat arc resistant to hydrolysis by digestive enzymes. One type is a mixture of the hexa-to-octaesters of sucrose others are esterified propoxylated glycerols and dialkyl dihexadecylmalonate (DDM), which has been used in potato and tortilla chips trialkoxytricarbaliate-tricarballic acid esterified with fatty alcohols, currently under trial for use in margarine- and mayonnaise-type products. 

The extremely large number of lanolin derivatives has been reviewed by Barnett8 and Steel.16 Lanolin derivatives can be formed by acetylation, ethoxylation, propoxylation, alkoxylation, and isobutylation of hydroxy groups, as well as hydroxylation of the double bond in the sterol ester component. Hydrolysis of lanolin can also produce lanolin alcohols and lanolin acids, which like lanolin can be ethoxylated, acetylated, and hydoxylated. 

Introduction of carboxylic acid groups enhances surface active properties (17) of lignins as well as their reactivity with propylene oxide (50). (A more highly propoxylated lignin has superior solubility and reactivity with diisocyanates.) Carboxylated lignins have, however, not been the target of network-forming reactions. 

Propoxylated derivatives of sorbitol are used as the polyols in the formation of rigid polyurethane foams. Sorbitol can be dehydrated and esterified with stearic acid to give sorbitol mono- or tristearate. The ester then can be ethoxylated with about 20 ethylene oxide units to give an ethoxylated surfactant. Hydrolysis of sorbitol results with glycerin, which is used in the pharmaceutical and personal care products field [108,109],... 

The value of Ke depends strongly on the difference in acidities of the hydroxyl species involved. In the propoxylation of 1-octanol and 2-octanol values for Ke of 2.2 -2.5 are found [63]. 

Figure 4.27 shows that by the ethoxylation of an intermediary propoxylated triol (MW of 4500 daltons) in the presence of a Lewis acid (BF3) or a Bronstedt acid (HBF4), a primary hydroxyl of around 10-15% higher than in anionic catalysis is obtained, at the same EO content. 

The commercial practice proved that many customers prefer a neutral polyol, in order not to change the formulations and to have the possibility of making a continuous production with polyether polyols from different polyether polyols producers, without major intervention in the composition of the polyols formulated. If neutral polyols are desired, the polyether polyols synthesised with tertiary amines as catalysts are neutralised with acidic substances, such as - phthalic anhydride, formic acid or propoxylated phosphoric acid. 

The reaction with partially propoxylated phosphoric acid gives a very soluble amine salt in polyether polyol [36] ... 

Propoxylation of organic hydroxy acids such as citric acid (16.12) [34] or propoxylation of the mixture between polyols and polyacids (for example sorbitol and adipic acid, reaction 16.13) give rise to interesting rigid polyester polyols [34]. 

A representative phosphonate polyol is obtained by the propoxylation of phenylphosphonic acid (reaction 18.21) [16] ... 

In all the reactions involving propoxylation of acidic groups such as -P-OH, two simultaneous reactions take place, i.e., esterification (reaction 18.21) and etherification (reaction 18.22) reactions ... 

Except for the diamide derived from phthalic acid (19.2) which is a viscous liquid at room temperature, the diamides of isophthalic and terephthalic acids are solid, with convenient melting points. Because these diamides have a relatively high hydroxyl number of around 650 mg KOH/g, a propoxylation reaction (reaction 19.6) was developed. The... 

After the propoxylation step, the resulting amidic polyols are purified by classical methods (for example by the treatment with solid disodium acid pyrophosphate). The liquid bis (diethanolamide) of phthalic acid, without any propoxylation step, can be used as a crosslinker or as a copolyol for rigid PU foams. 

The amidic polyol obtained by the propoxylation of bis (diethanolamide) of phthalic acid, with an hydroxyl number in the range of 380-400 mg KOH/g, is an alternative for ortho-toluene diamine (o-TDA) based polyether polyols. The amidic polyols do not have the problems of a dark colour as the o-TDA polyols do and have lower viscosities than o-TDA polyols. 

Properties Solid sol. in butyl Cellosolve acetate, 2-phenoxyethyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, ethoxylateds bisphenol Adiacrylate, propoxylated allyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl mefhacrylate, epoxy acrylate oligomer blended with 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate m.p. 78 C ret. index 1.475 0.01% acid C[M06 [Sartomer]... 

Propionic acid, 3,3 -thiodi, didodecyl ester. See Dilauryl thiodipropionate Propionic aldehyde. See Propionaldehyde Propionic ether. See Ethyl propionate 2-Propoxyethanol. See Ethylene glycol propyl ether 2-(2-Propoxyethoxy) ethanol. See Diethylene glycol propyl ether Propoxylated (2) allylmethacrylate. See PPG-2 allylmethacrylate Propoxylated glycerol triacrylate. See Glyceryl propoxy triacrylate Propoxylated (2) 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate. See PPG-2 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate... 

Batch Di (3-pentyl) Malate Process Acetaldehyde from Acetic Acid Ethylene by Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane Butadiene to n-Butyraldehyde and n-Butanol Methacrylic Acid to Methylmethacrylate Coproduction of Ethylene and Acetic Acid from Ethane Methylmethacrylate from Propyne Mixed-C4 Byproduct Upgrade Hydrogen Peroxide Manufacture Di-tem fljy-butyl-peroxide Manufacture Vinyl Acetate Process PM Acetate Manufacture Propoxylated Ethylenediamine Petroleum Products Fuel Additives for Cleaner Emissions Gas Manufacture... 

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