Acetate silk

It is used in the dispersed form as a dye for acetate silk, though it has no affinity for other fibres. It is also used as a starting point for alkyl- or acyl-aminoanlhraquinones which are used either as vat dyes or, after sulphona-tion, as acid wool dyes. 

Acetat-kimstseide,/. = Acetatseide. -Ifisung,/ acetate solution, -seidet /. acetate silk (acetate rayon). -zellwoUet /. acetate spun rayon. 

Type of silk.Nitro-silk Oupro-cellulose Acetic silk... 

As a result of this effort, comparison standards for cotton and wool were distributed for the first time in 1914 and 1916. Then, after a long interval and contrary to the original decision, 5-degree standards were put out between 1926 and 1928 for unweighted silk, weighted silk, viscose rayon, and acetate silk. With these standards, it was possible for the first time to classify dyes in fastness groups according to a uniform system. 

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Properties vary depending upon the specific soluble thallium compound, (thallium acetate) silk-white crystals or hygroscopic, colorless monoclinic crystals from ethanol soluble in water and alcohol MP (131°C, 268°F) DN (3.68 g/cm ). (thallium iodide) yellow, crystalline powder metallic at high pressures becomes gray on exposure to light becomes red at 170°C (338°F) almost insoluble in water soluble in potassium iodide solution and aqua regia insoluble in alcohol MP (440°C, 824°F) BP (824°C, 1515°F) DN (7.09 g/cm") SG (7.1) HV (104.7 kJ/mol at 1097K) VD (NA) VP (unknown). 

Z)L-Capric acid-2-butylester (J) + 1.17 no remarks crystallization upon acetate silk... 

The fibre from cellulose acetate was also known as acetate silk. In general, it was called Celanese in Britain and Lustron in the USA. The term rayon was introduced in 1924. 

NMMO is manufactured by Degussa, BASF AG, Texaco U.K., and a number of other companies that supply the solvent in small quantities. NMMO is an excellent solvent for other polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(vinyl acetate), silk fibroin, wool, aliphatic polyamides, polyacrylonitrile, starch, cellulose diacatate, and many other cellulose derivatives [3],... 

Contains new material on rayon, acetate, silk, polypropylene, polyamidcy pojy.esfef,. v 1... 

Chemical or synthetic fibers are further classified into regenerated and synthetic fibers. Regenerated or semisynthetic fibers are produced from natural products by a chemical procedure or modification. These fibers can, for example, be rayon, acetate silk, and alginate fibers. In contrast, synthetic fibers are completely synthesized from other raw materials, and may, for example, consist of polyesters, polyamides, poly(acrylonitrile), polyolefins, or glass. 

Regenerated fibers are fibers produced from material of natural origin. The material undergoes some chemical process or modification (viscose silk, acetate silk, nitrocellulose, alginate fibers, etc.). Synthesized fibers are synthetic fibers completely synthesized from other raw materials. 

By saponification of the acetate silk, a regenerated, highly oriented, and very fine cellulose fiber is obtained. Cellulose acetate is now used in place of cellulose nitrate for photographic film. 

Uses dye In acetate, silk, wool, and cotton stocking dye A... 

Fig. 3. Sorption isotherms of water on textile fibers at 25°C 0, wool x viscose D, silk O, cotton V, acetate A nylon.

The abihty of a fiber to absorb energy during straining is measured by the area under the stress—strain curve. Within the proportional limit, ie, the linear region, this property is defined as toughness or work of mpture. For acetate and triacetate the work of mpture is essentially the same at 0.022 N/tex (0.25 gf/den). This is higher than for cotton (0.010 N/tex = 0.113 gf/den), similar to rayon and wool, but less than for nylon (0.076 N/tex = 0.86 gf/den) and silk (0.072 N/tex = 0.81 gf/den) (3). 

This is not the case in most fires where some oi the intermediate produces, formed when large, complex molecules are broken up, persist. Examples are hydrogen cyanide from wool and silk, acrolein from vegetable oils, acetic acid from timber or paper, and carbon or carbon monoxide from the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous materials. As the fire develops and becomes hotter, many of these intermediates, which are often toxic, are destroyed—for example, hydrogen cyanide is decomposed at about 538°C (1000°F). 

Tyrosine, as a primary product, may be readily prepared by hydrolyzing silk with hydrochloric acid, neutralizing the acid with sodium hydroxide, and finally acidifying with acetic acid. 

Uses Manufacture of acetate rayon, acetic anhydride, acetone, acetyl compounds, cellulose acetates, chloroacetic acid, ethyl alcohol, ketene, methyl ethyl ketone, vinyl acetate, plastics and rubbers in tanning laundry sour acidulate and preservative in foods printing calico and dyeing silk solvent for gums, resins, volatile oils and other substances manufacture of nylon and fiber, vitamins, antibiotics and hormones production of insecticides, dyes, photographic chemicals, stain removers latex coagulant textile printing. 

Uses Solvent for cellulose acetate, crude rubber, natural resins, nitrocellulose, vinyl resins, waxes, fats, oils, shellac, rubber, DDT, and other pesticides preparation of adipic acid and caprolactum additive in wood stains, paint, PVC paints, lacquers (to prevent blushing or improve flow), and varnish removers degreasing of metals spot remover lube oil additive in PVC adhesives to control evaporation rate leveling agent in dyeing and delustering silk. 

Till this time, polymer science was largely empirical, instinctive, and intuitive. Several polymers were commercially available prior to World War I celluloid, shellac, Galalith (casein), Bakelite, and cellulose acetate plastics hevea rubber, cotton, wool, and silk rayon fibers Glyptal polyester coatings bitumen or asphalt, and coumarone-indene and petroleum resins. However, as evidenced by the chronological data shown in Table 1.1, there was little... 

Macromolecules may be classified according to different criteria. One criterion is whether the material is natural or synthetic in origin. Cellulose, lignin, starch, silk, wool, chitin, natural rubber, polypeptides (proteins), polyesters (polyhydroxybutyrate), and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) are examples of naturally occurring polymers while polyethylene, polystyrene, polyurethanes, or polyamides are representatives of their synthetic counterparts. When natural polymers are modified by chemical conversions (cellulose —> cellulose acetate, for example), the products are called modified natural polymers. 

Nature has long used reactions such as these to produce interesting solids such as cotton (seed pod), hemp (grass), and silk (cocoons for worms while they develop into moths) as fibers that we can strand into rope or weave into cloth. Chemists discovered in the early twentieth century that cellulose could be hydrolyzed with acetic acid to form cellulose acetate and then repolymerized into Rayon, which has properties similar to cotton. They then searched for manmade monomers with which to tailor properties as replacements for rope and sdk. In the 1930s chemists at DuPont and at ICl found that polyamides and polyesters had properties that could replace each of these. [Linear polyolefins do not seem to form in nature as do condensation polymers. This is probably because the organometaUic catalysts are extremely sensitive to traces of H2O, CO, and other contaminants. This is an example where we can create materials in the laboratory that are not found in nature.]... 

Silk Charcoal... Picric acid Acetic acid 1 H2O ICaHsOH 1 H2O 1 CeHe 2-88 2-75 2-35t 2-40t... 

Figure 2.16 compares the SQWV responses obtained for silk fibbers pigmented with (a) granado (b) alazor (c) curcuma, (d) weld, and (e) cochineal red in contact with acetic/acetate buffer. This voltammetry yields clearly different responses for the involved dyes, thus allowing for an electrochemical identification of pigments in samples. 

Silk worm terplnyl acetate llnalool hexenol 61... 

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