Cellulose plastics acetate

Cellulose Plastics Cellulose Acetate 1912 M P All conventional processes Excellent vacuumforming material for blister packages, etc. 

It is usually cruciform. A guillotine cuts the extruded matl to the reqd length. The outer surfaces of the limbs of the cross are covered with a substance which does not burn readily (ie, strips of plasticized cellulose acetate or polystyrene, 1.5-5mm thick), and cemented in place to prevent uneven burning at the surface... 

ISO 1600 1990 Plastics - Cellulose acetate - Determination of light absorption on moulded specimens produced using different periods of heating ISO 13468-1 1996 Plastics - Determination of the total luminous transmittance of transparent materials - Part 1 Single-beam instrument ISO 13468-2 1999 Plastics - Determination of the total luminous transmittance of transparent materials - Part 2 Double-beam instrument ISO 14782 1999 Plastics - Determination of haze for transparent materials... 

The power factor is the energy required for the rotation of the dipoles of a polymer in an applied electrostatic field of increasing frequency. Typical values vary from 1.5 x 10 for polystyrene to 5 x 10 for plasticized cellulose acetate. Values increase at Tg and because of the increased chain mobility gained so that Tg and Tm have been measured using differences in the power factor as temperature is increased. 

The industrial change and expansion of the nineteenth century had many strands and among them attention was given to man-made replacements for resinous compositions and horn. Alexander Parkes, a prolific inventor and manufacturer, was involved closely with the search for commercial materials he showed articles of Parkesine (a cellulosic) at the Universal Exhibition in London in 1862. Further investigations and development led eventually in Britain, Germany, the USA, and elsewhere to the industry based on a cellulose nitrate plasticized with camphor and (somewhat later) to cellulose acetate and to other cellulose plastics (cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, etc.). 

Rotuba. [Rotuba Plastics] Cellulose acetate for molding and extruding applies. 

Synthetic fiber, like nylon-6,6, (b) Rigid, brittle plastic, like polystyrene, (c) Tough plastic, cellulose acetate. (d) Elastomer, like lightly vulcanized natural rubber. (1 kgf/cm-= 0.098 MN/m ) (After Rudin, 1982.)... 

Of course, the first method discovered to control the MSS levels of phenols was their selective filtration by the plasticized cellulose acetate filter tip. 

Subsequently, it was determined by Fredrickson (1236) in the mid-1960s and by Morie and Sloan (2635) and Brunnemann et al. (514) in the 1970s that similar selective filtration occurred with volatile A-nitrosamines such as A-dimethylnitrosamine and A-diethylnitrosamine with 70% to 80% of the volatile A-nitrosamines being removed from MSS by a plasticized cellulose acetate filter tip. 

TSNAs, because of their low volatility, occur predominantly in the MSS particulate phase and behave similarly to other particulate-phase components such as the PAHs, that is, they are not selectively reduced by hltration with plasticized cellulose acetate. However, Hoffmann et al. (1685) noted that MSS TSNA yields are reduced by any technology designed to reduce the MSS particulate phase, such as increased hltration efficiency, increased air dilution (hlter-tip perforation, paper porosity), and tobacco expansion. 

Besides identifying several volatile NNAs in hurley tobacco MSS with a procedure that precluded artifactual formation, Fredrickson (1236) demonstrated that MSS volatile NNA yields were significantly reduced (60-85%) by a plasticized cellulose acetate filter, a finding later confirmed (514, 1761, 2635). This reduction of volatile NNA yields by selective filtration paralleled that observed for phenols (2312, 4312). Concern over phenols and their promotion effect diminished after reports of removal of significant amounts of them from MSS by selective filtration. While concern about volatile NNAs did diminish, a new NNA concern arose One involving TSNAs, a class of NNAs newly identified in tobacco and tobacco smoke, namely NNN and NAB. In their NNA review, Magee and Barnes (2442), cf. Barnes and Magee (192) noted ... 

Morie and Sloan (2636) reported the substantial reduction of the volatile NNA A-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) by plasticized cellulose acetate filters vs. the negligible reduction obtained with paper filters. Substantial selective filtration of NDMA was demonstrated by the 85% reduction in its delivery vs. the 36% reduction observed in the delivery of total particulate matter with the plasticized cellulose acetate filter. Minimal selective filtration was obtained with the paper filter 66% reduction in NDMA vs. 55% reduction in total particulate matter, cf. Fredrickson (1236). 

Hoffmann et al. (1761) confirmed the findings of Hoffmann and Vais (1784) on NNAs in cigarette MSS. They reported 84 ng/cig of NDMA, 30 ng/cig of NEMA, and less than 5 ng/cig of NDEA in the MSS of a nonfiltered U.S. blend cigarette. They also reported that selective filtration produced a 60 to 85% reduction of volatile NNAs by use of a plasticized cellulose acetate filter, cf. Fredrickson (1236), Morie and Sloan (2636). 

OTHER COMMENTS used as a flame-retardant and plasticizer in compounding chlorinated rubber used in hot extrusion, molding, or other bulk forming plasticized cellulose acetates useful as a fireproofing agent in manufacture of roofing paper. 

ISO 1.599. Plastics Cellulose acetate Determination of viscosity lf>ss on moulding. 1990. 

Further examples of the effect of conditions on the behavior of plastics are illustrated by the stress-strain curves for plasticized cellulose acetate when determined at different temperatures (Figure 3.6b). Thus the material is hard and strong at low temperatures, relatively tough at ordinary temperatures, and soft and weak at higher temperatures. This behavior may be attributed to variable molecular slippage... 

Multiwax W-145A plasticizer, cellophane lacquers Dicyclohexyl phthalate, Edenol DCHP plasticizer, cellulose 1,2,4-Butan l plasticizer, cellulose acetate 4-t-Butylphenot, Citroflex 2 Diethyl phthalate. Dimethyl phthalate, Palatinol A Palatinol K Palatinol M Phosflex 4 Plasticizer CEL Rit-Cizer 8 TBP Uniplex 108... 

Benzyl phthalate N,N-Butyl benzene sulfonamide Isodecyl benzoate Naphthenic oil Polypropylene glycol dibenzoate plasticizer, cellophane lacquers Dicyclohexyl phthalate plasticizer, cellulose 1,2,4-Butanetriol plasticizer, cellulose acetate Benzyl benzoate 4-t-Butylphenol Diethyl phthalate Dimethoxyethyl phthalate Glyceryl acetate... 

Isoamyl butyrate Phenoxyethanol plasticizer, cellulose acetate lacquers Dimethyl phthalate plasticizer, cellulose acetate, nitrate 2-Nitro-1,1 -biphenyl plasticizer, cellulose compounds N,N-Butyl benzene sulfonamide plasticizer, cellulose ester N-(2-Hydroxypropyl) benzenesulfonamide plasticizer, cellulose ester plastics Dihexyl phthalate... 

Matter extractable by diethyl ether from plasticized cellulose acetate has been normal-lized. " Two grams of plasticized cellulose acetate is extracted in Soxhlet apparatns for 3 h the solvent is evaporated and the residue determined gravimetrically. 

Plastics - Cellulose acetate — Determination of viscosity loss on moulding Plastics - Cellulose acetate — Determination of light absorption on moulded specimens... 

ISO 1875 1982 Plastics — Plasticized cellulose acetate — Determination of matter extractable by diethyl... 

SFS-ISO 1875 Plastics. Plasticized cellulose acetate. Determination of matter extractable by diethyl ether SFS-EN ISO 2554 Plastics. Unsaturated polyester resins. Determination of hydroxyl value (ISO 2554 1997)... 

These plastics (cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), cellulose nitrate, cellulose propionate, and ethyl cellulose) are ordinarily solvent cemented, but for bonding to non-solvent-cementable materials, conventional adhesives must be used. Adhesives commonly used are polyurethanes, epoxies, and cyanoacrylates. Cellulosic plastics may contain plasticizers that are not compatible with the adhesive selected. The extent of plasticizer migration should be determined before an adhesive is selected. Recommendations for conventional adhesives for specific cellulosic types are as follows ... 

Uses noncombustable substitute for camphor in celluloid plasticizer in plastics (cellulose acetate), lacquers, varnishes, etc. in... 

The first plastic material to be made from non-plastic precursors was cellulose nitrate. This was obtained by Alexander Parkes (1813-1890) by treating cellulose fibres with nitric acid, and was first displayed at the Great International Exhibition in Ijondon in 1862 under the name Parkesine. Parkes moulded his new material into small decorative articles, as well as utilitarian objects such as knife handles. Parkesine was the first semi-synthetic plastic, so called because one of the starting materials was polymeric. The applications of cellulose nitrate were much extended by J. W. Hyatt (1837-1920) in the United States, who found that camphor was effective as a plasticiser, and the resulting mixture was known as celluloid. Another semi-synthetic plastic, cellulose acetate, was introduced around the end of the nineteenth century, and had the advantage over cellulose nitrate of being less flammable. 

Adipates are generally used in mixtures with other plasticizers, to increase plasticization and improve low-temperature properties. Benzoates are high solvating speciality plasticizers, used either alone or as primary components, but with interest now centred on development of new blends with specific characteristics. Monomeric plasticizers are also used to plasticize cellulose acetate. 

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