Access security equipment

The facility project must consider the need for security of the site and elements on it. For example, the facility may have control points for anyone entering the site and for access to plant areas or administrative areas. There may be a need for additional security for hazardous areas. Hazardous areas may require fencing, monitoring cameras, and other physical security equipment to monitor unauthorized access. 

Access to equipment in systems important to safety should be appropriately limited, in view of the need to prevent both unauthorized access and the possibiUty of error by authorized personnel. Effective methods include appropriate combinations of physical security (locked enclosures, locked rooms, alarms on panel doors) and administrative measures according to the degree of supervision in the area where the equipment is located. 

The choice of access-control technology depends upon the level of security to be achieved, number of users and traffic at peak periods, etc. Proper design of the system is critical to its performance (and user acceptance), and reliability and expert advice should be obtained from equipment manufacturers and system installers. 

The security of data is essential for GLP studies, whatever the format of the documentation. The security of computerized systems in a laboratory environment is generally taken care of by the organization s security system. There may be extra precautions necessary if the equipment is located remotely . Security of access is normally achieved by use of person-identification and a password which changes on a regular basis. 

Walls or roofs tend to block vision and access, trap sand, debris, and reduce ventilation so that flammable vapors are not as quickly dispersed. They may also collapse if there is an explosion or deflagration. They can therefore contribute to secondary effects by falling onto pipes an equipment that may substantially exceed damage from the original explosion or deflagration. They can also lead to a false sense of security. 

Many U.S. companies are supporting the implementation of hydrogen. They can compete effectively on an international basis and build a real economic force. A key part of our security is to build equipment that can be exported to our allies. Our industrial base can then enjoy access to world markets. 

Automated dissolution equipment in most cases must be compliant with the FDA electronic records and electronic signatures regulation (21 CFR Part 11). The requirements of the regulation include use of validated systems, secure storage of records, computer generated audit trails, system and data security via limited access privileges, and the use of electronic signatures. 

In planning security considerations, provision should be made to have a well-trained security team limit site access to only the people and the equipment that will assist in coping with and resolving the emergency. 

A major difference between valve-specific lockout devices and the padlocked chain or cable lockouts discussed earlier is that valve-specific lockouts do not need to be secured to an anchoring device in the floor or the piping system. In addition, valve-specific lockouts eliminate potential tripping or access hazards that maybe caused by chains or cable lockouts applied to valves located near walkways or frequently maintained equipment. 

Facility Controls on equipment, calibration policies, security of access, maintenance of clean environment, flow of materials, equipment, and products... 

The mechanical contractor is usually also responsible for providing adequate pressurized water supply, drainage (with special provisions for low-level areas of the closed-loop water system), bypasses, an electrical supply (typically 110 V, 1 phase, but also 3 phase where temporary pumps are required), HVAC system air purge vents, as well as other facilities, such as site access, toilets, security, and equipment handling systems. 

Data shall be secured by physical and/or electronic means against willful or accidental damage. Stored data must be periodically checked for accessibility, durability, and accuracy If changes are proposed to the computer equipment or its programs, the checks mentioned above should be performed at a frequency appropriate to the storage medium being used. 

Physical access controls (limited access) (all listed implementation features must be present) This area is related to the procedures for limiting physical access to an entity while ensuring that properly authorized access is allowed. Disaster recovery Emergency operating mode Equipment control (into and out of site) Facility security plan Procedures for verifying access authorizations prior to physical access Maintenance records Need-to-know procedures for personnel access Sign-in for visitors and their escorts, if appropriate Testing and revision... 

Biometrics can be used in granting the remote access to the network. The scenario employs a common client-server network model, thus incorporating standard security mechanisms with biometric enhancements. The client terminal (see Figure 9) is a biometric-based host, equipped with the capturing device and the processing unit that measures the biometric trait and calculates the features vector (biometric template). The client capabilities may be understood in a wider sense, thus enabling the client to be equipped with sensors related to more than one biometric modality. The proposed access scenario enables to include the aliveness detection capability and the biometric replay attack prevention. To insert the necessary elements into the communication flow, capture-dependent parameters will be retrieved by the client terminal prior to the biometric trait measurement. 

All laboratory facilities must be of adequate space and design to provide a suitable work environment for experimentation and testing. The facility must provide an appropriately controlled environment (temperature, humidity, venting, etc.) to allow for a consistent laboratory function. A secure environment with limited and controlled access is required to assure result integrity. Suitable instrumentation and equipment must be installed and qualified as per defined procedures. Scheduled periodic calibration must be performed to demonstrate proper instrumental suitability. Such procedures must be appropriately documented. Reagents and standards must be stored and handled in accordance with good laboratory procedures. 

Adequacy of facility and drug/device storage The facility, equipment, and location must be adequate for conduction of the study. Adequate storage space with acceptable environmental conditions must be available to store study medications. The storage area should be securely locked and accessed only by the research staff. A locked cabinet within a locked area is generally preferred. Over-the-counter medications used in clinical studies are also securely locked, because these drugs are often stolen. 

Figure 1 Coexistence of the past and present techniques in F F industry classical enfleurage process (photo on the left) and a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction facility as modern factory equipment (on the right). The photo on the left shows a stock of jasmine flowers in the basket (center) that are spread upon a wooden frame (chassis) that secures a glass plate coated with fat. The chassis is then piled to allow diffusion of fragrant components (note that the fat is applied on both sides of the glass plate to gain access to the headspace volume made by the chassis underneath). Enfleurage process photo reproduced from E. Guenther, The Essential Oils with permission from Krieger Publishing Company Melbourne, FL, USA, 1948 (reprinted 2006) Vol. 1, p 192.

Safe Work Practices. Individuals working with electrical equipment must use safe work practices. All must know how to shut off power to a piece of equipment by using either the power switch on the equipment or the circuit breaker. Circuit breakers or switch boxes must be secure but readily accessible. Each circuit must be clearly labeled as to the equipment or area that it activates. Indii iduals need to know how to use tlie master electrical switch under emergency conditions. (Tlie circuits sliould be checked to ensure that room lighting is on a separate box.) Individuals should be aware of the "left-hand rule. Anytime tliey prepare to turn tlie master switch back on, especially after cliangiiig a fuse, tliey sliould stand to tlie side, face tlie wall instead of the box. and use their left lituid to push tlie switch back on. In this way. if the box explodes when power is restored, they are less likely to suffer severe burns to the face or ei eii death. 

If a PLC goes down there can be serious consequences for a number of different controlled or monitored areas. If this is the case, then the URS should have specified some sort of backup system. Even if the plant can cope if the PLC goes down for a short period of time, procedures identifying equipment that are stiU operable, those that are in a safe condition, and areas with the highest risk (on whatever grounds this is assessed) are essential. The immediate availability of recovery procedures and access to a secure backup copy of the current version of the software is necessary in the event of an unplanned system failure. 

The primary key for safe laboratory operations is the fume hood, which removes harmful vapors. The fume hood should be correctly drawing air across the open surface. Clutter within the hood must be minimized for safe operations. Outside the hood, all equipment such as gas cylinders, must be safely secured. Personnel must be protected from any moving equipment, such as belts and wheels of pumps and air compressors. All emergency equipment, such as fire extinguishers and spill containment pillows, must be readily accessible. 

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