Prior authorization

Under Part 1 of EPA 90, an IPC system eontrols emissions to air, land and water for the most polluting industrial and similar proeesses. All operators of preseribed proeesses, e.g. fuel and power, minerals, waste disposal and ehemieal, require prior authorization. They are required to use BATNEEC, the Best Available Teehnology Not Entailing Exeessive Cost ... 

Table 17.2 The Red List maximum discharge levels above which prior authorization is required...

Planning new documents, funding, prior authorization, establishing need, etc. Preparation of documents, who prepares, drafting process, text, diagrams, forms, etc. Standards for the format and content of documents, forms, and diagrams Document identification conventions Issue notation, draft issues, post approval issues... 

Don t permit product to skip planned inspections and tests without the prior authorization of the planners. 

Replication and disposal could be controlled by secure storage and prior authorization routines where replication and disposal is carried out only by authorized personnel or organizations. 

Specify how regrading product is to be carried out, the product markings, prior authorization, and acceptance criteria. 

As said previously, records are the property of the organization and not personal property so their destruction should be controlled. The controls should ensure that records are not destroyed without prior authorization and, depending on the medium on which data is recorded and the security classification of the data, you may also need to specify the method of disposal. The management would not be pleased to read details in the national press of the organization s performance, collected from a waste disposal site by a zealous newspaper reporter ... 

Under Part I of the act an IPC system controls emissions to air, land or water for the most polluting industrial and similar processes. IPC is limited to prescribed processes (e.g. chemical, fuel and power, waste disposal, minerals etc.) by prior authorization. Authorization is based on the requirement for owners/controllers to prevent release of prescribed substances or, where this is not practicable, to reduce the release to a minimum. Any residual release must be rendered harmless. To achieve these aims, operators must use the best practicable means not entailing excessive cost (BATNEEC). 

Although the results eu e equal as far as utility is concerned, we shedl continue to use our symbolism, for reasons which will become clearer later on. The following Table is a comparison of defect symbolism, as used by prior Authors. Note that our symbolism most resembles that of Kroeger, but not in aU aspects. These prior authors also considered other intrinsic defects that we have not touched, namely interstices and the so-called "anti-structure" occupation. 

Prior Authorization. Authorization can be a hindrance to both the physician and the patient. If the physician thinks that the approval of a drug is in question, rather than wasting time, he or she may just prescribe the more conventional pharmaceutical. 

The information technology demands of Part D remain unclear as they relate to electronic prescribing and its impact on pharmacy. Currently, pharmacies interact with PDPs electronically to determine eligibility and adjudicate claims. The MMA directed the Secretary of Health and Human Services to establish federal standards for e-prescribing. Five pilot studies conducted in 2005-2006 tested six standards, showing that three standards are ready for implementation. Standards related to prior authorization, structured... 

Prior authorization Another way to receive compensation from traditional third-party payers is to contact the payer for prior authorization. When using prior authorization, the pharmacist contacts the insurance company with information regarding the referral and requests approval for compensation before seeing the patient. With prior authorization, the insurance company may indicate how many visits will be approved and which billing codes may be used (Snella et al., 2004). 

Prior authorization of high-cost drugs or drugs subject to misuse... 

Maximum limit of operation requiring prior authorization... 

Under the Directive discharges into community waters liable to contain any substance contained in List I shall be subject to prior authorization by the competent authority in the Member State concerned. The authorization must lay down emission standards for discharges which must not exceed the limit values to be laid down by the Council on a proposal from the Commission. Emission standards may also be laid down on the basis of quality objectives where a Member State can prove that these objectives, also to be laid down by the Council, are being met and continuously maintained throughout the area which might be affected by the discharges. 

Prior authorization A physician or patient must receive authorization by the plan before the drug will be covered... 

Patient criterion Patient must qualify for treatment by meeting specific criteria (usually used in conjunction with a prior authorization program)... 

An emerging trend in formulary management is the decline in the utilization of enforcement and restriction strategies such as switch and prior authorization programs (Litton et al., 2000). These programs typically have high administrative and internal resource costs, significant time... 

The availability of drug samples can benefit prescribers and patients. Prescribers often report using drug samples to avoid medication costs to the patient. " Samples may be used before a full prescription is purchased so that safety, tolerability, and effectiveness can be evaluated, or doses titrated. " Samples may be used to partially or fully offset the cost of drugs for indigent patients or to avoid formulary restrictions or prior authorization re-... 

A prior authorization technique involving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in Medicaid patients was shown to be highly effective. NSAIDs not available genetically were place on prior approval status. This lead to the increased use of genetically available NSAIDs as first line therapy. For a two-year period, the result was a 53 percent decrease in expenditures (S12.8 million) with no concomitant increase in Medicaid expenditures for other medical care. 

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