Acute abdominal pain

Achillea alpina L. A. millefolium L. Shi Cao (Siberian yarrow) (aerial part) Alkaloids, essential oils, achillin, flavonoides, betonicine, achilleine, d-camphor, oxalic acids, ether oils, hydroxycinnamic acids, hydrocyanic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, anthocyanidines, anthraquinones, phytosterines, carotene, coumarins, monoterpene, sesquiterpene glucosides, desacetylmatricarin.33-222-450 Antibacterial, treat menopause, abdominal pain, acute intestinal disorder, wound infection, snakebite. 

Achillea millefolium L. China Alkaloids, essential oils, flavonoides, achillin, betonicine, achilleine, d-camphor, desacetylmatricarin.33 Antibacterial, treat menopause, abdominal pain, acute intestinitis, wound infection, snakebite. 

The porphyrias are characterized by two leading symptoms, severe, colicky abdominal pain (acute porphyrias) and/or photosensitivity mostly as skin blisters (cutaneous porphyrias). Diagnosis in symptomatic periods is... 

Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis is an acute inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines. Symptoms include anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain and weakness. Gastroenteritis has many causes, such as bacteria (food poisoning), viruses, parasites, consumption of irritating food or drink, as well as stress. Treatment for the condition depends on the underlying cause. 

Health Hazards Information - Recommended Personal Protective Equipment Dust mask goggles or face shield protective gloves Symptoms Following Exposure inhalation of dust causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion may cause vomiting, salty taste, abdominal pain, diarrhea, convulsions, collapse, thirst, disturbed color vision, and acute toxic nephritis. Contact with eyes causes irritation. 

The nurse immediately reportsany signs of acetaminophen toxicity, such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, malaise, diaphoresis abdominal pain, confusion, liver tenderness hypotension, arrhythmias jaundice, and acute hepatic and renal failure. Early diagnoss is important because liver failure may be reversible. Toxicity is treated with gastric lavage, preferably within 4 hours of ingestion of the acetaminophen. Liver function studiesare perform ed frequently. Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is an antidote to acetaminophen toxicity and acts by protect-... 

Laxatives are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity and those with persistent abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting of unknown cause or signs of acute appendicitis, fecal impaction, intestinal obstruction, or acute hepatitis. These dragp are used only as directed because excessive or prolonged use may cause dependence. Magnesium hydroxide is used cautiously in patients with any degree of renal impairment. Laxatives... 

No studies were located regarding gastrointestinal, hematological, musculoskeletal, or dermal effects in humans or animals after inhalation exposure to methyl parathion. Dean et al. (1984) reported that seven children exposed to methyl parathion by many routes exhibited pinpoint pupils, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The respiratory, cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal effects reported by Fazekas (1971) that were found in humans acutely exposed to methyl parathion intoxication resulted from exposure by all three routes however, the results did not distinguish between the routes. 

If the enzyme lesion occurs early in the pathway prior to the formation of porphyrinogens (eg, enzyme 3 of Figure 32-9, which is affected in acute intermittent porphyria), ALA and PBG will accumulate in body tissues and fluids (Figure 32-11). Glinically, patients complain of abdominal pain and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The precise biochemical cause of these symptoms has not been determined but may relate to elevated levels of ALA or PBG or to a deficiency of heme. 

Amylase enters the blood largely via the lymphatics. An increase in hydrostatic pressure in the pancreatic ducts leads to a fairly prompt rise in the amylase concentration of the blood. Neither an increase in volume flow of pancreatic juice nor stimulation of pancreatic enzyme production will cause an increase in senm enzyme concentration. Elevation of intraductal pressure is the important determinant. Stimulation of flow in the face of obstruction can, however, augment the entry of amylase into the blood, as can disruption of acinar cells and ducts. A functional pancreas must be present for the serum amylase to rise. Serum amylase determination is indicated in acute pancreatitis in patients with acute abdominal pain where the clinical findings are not typical of other diseases such as appendicitis, cholecystitis, peptic ulcer, vascular disease or intestinal obstruction. In acute pancreatitis, the serum amylase starts to rise within a few hours simultaneously with the onset of symptoms and remains elevated for 2 to 3 days after which it returns to normal. The peak level is reached within 24 hours. Absence of increase in serum amylase in first 24 hours after the onset of symptoms is evidence against a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (76). 

Patients with acute infectious diarrhea from invasive organisms also have bloody stools and severe abdominal pain. 

The goals of treatment for acute pancreatitis include (1) resolution of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever (2) ability to tolerate oral intake (3) normalization of serum amylase, lipase, and white blood cell count and (4) resolution of abscess, pseudocyst, or fluid collection as measured by CT scan. 

Visceral pain involves injury to nerves on internal organs (e.g., intestines or liver) and can present as diffuse, poorly differentiated, and often referred pain. Acute pain should be treated aggressively, even before the diagnosis is established, except in conditions of head or abdominal injury where pain may assist in the differential diagnosis. 

Lower abdominal fullness, hesitancy, straining to void, decreased force of stream, interrupted stream, sense of incomplete bladder emptying. May have urinary frequency and urgency, too. Abdominal pain if acute urinary retention is also present. 

Acute watery diarrhea with lower abdominal pain, low-grade fever, and mild or absent leukocytosis... 

Nephrolithiasis/ urolithiasis/ crystalluria IDV Onset Any time after initiation of therapy, especially if 4- fluid intake Symptoms Flank pain and/or abdominal pain, dysuria, frequency pyuria, hematuria, crystallauria rarely, Tserum creatinine and acute renal failure 1. History of nephrolithiasis 2. Fhtients unable to maintain adequate fluid intake 3. High peak IDV concentration 4. tDuration of exposure Drink at least 1.5-2 L of non-caffeinated fluid per day Tfluid intake at first sign of darkened urine monitor urinalysis and serum creatinine every 3-6 months Increased hydration pain control may consider switching to alternative agent stent placement may be required... 

Travelers diarrhea An acute infectious diarrhea that afflicts travelers. The disease is characterized by the presence of at least three loose stools within 24 hours that is associated with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fecal urgency, or dysentery. 

NS (acute) (occup) Gastrointestinal Colic (abdominal pain, constipation, cramps, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss) 400-200 Awad et al. 1986 Baker et al. 1979 Haenninen et al. 1979 Holness and Nethercott 1988 Kumar et al. 1987 Marino et al. 1989 Matte et al. 1989 Muijser et al. 1987 Pagliuca et al. 1990 Pollock and Ibels 1986 Schneitzer et al. 1990... 

The answer is d. (Hardman7 pp 1681-1682. Katzung, pp 392-393J Acute intoxication with methanol is common in chronic alcoholics. Headache, vertigo, vomiting, abdominal pain, dyspnea, blurred vision,... 

Acute intermittent porphyria is a dominantly inherited partial deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase, and causes axonal polyneuropathy. Acute intermittent porphyria is caused by partial deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase, an enzyme required for heme biosynthesis. Patients may present with acute abdominal pain, rapidly progressive sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy or psychosis, and have elevated concentrations of the heme precursor 8-amino-levulinic acid in their urine. Symptoms may be precipitated by treatment with barbiturates or other drugs and are suppressed by treatment with hematin [59]. 

Death, preceded by dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, muscular incoordination, and acute renal failure. 

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