Alloys wrought

The concentrations of alloying elements and additives are given in Table A.3.7. The standardised compositions of the most common alloys are given in Table A.3.8, and their physical properties in Table A.3.9. 

From a metallurgical point of view, the series of wrought aluminium alloys are split into two groups that are very distinct, both in processing route and in certain properties. These groups are 

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Dentistry. Most casting alloys meet the composition and properties criteria of specification no. 5 of the American Dental Association (37) which prescribes four types of alloy systems constituted of gold—silver—copper with addition of platinum, palladium, and 2inc. Composition ranges are specified, as are mechanical properties and minimum fusion temperatures. Wrought alloys for plates also may include the same constituents. Similarly, specification no. 7 prescribes nickel and two types of alloys for dental wires with the same alloy constituents (see Dental materials). 

Table 4. Chemical Compositions and Physical Properties of Magnesium Cast and Wrought Alloys ...

Because of constitutional complexity, the exact chemistries of nickel-base superalloys must be controlled carehiUy in order to avoid the precipitation of deleterious topologically close-packed (TCP) phases and extraneous carbides after long-term high temperature exposure. Heat-treatment schedules and thermomechanical treatments in the case of wrought alloys also are important to provide optimum strength and performance. 

In addition to these principal alloying elements, which provide soHd solution strengthening and/or precipitation strengthening, wrought alloys may contain small amounts of titanium and boron [7440-42-8J, B, for control of ingot grain size, and ancillary additions of chromium, manganese, and zirconium to provide dispersoids. AH commercial alloys also contain iron and siUcon. 

Most wrought alloys are provided in conditions that have been strengthened by various amounts of cold work or heat treatment. Cold worked tempers are the result of cold rolling or drawing by prescribed amounts of plastic deformation from the annealed condition. Alloys that respond to strengthening by heat treatment are referred to as precipitation or age hardenable. Cold worked conditions can also be thermally treated at relatively low temperatures to affect a slight decrease in strength (stress rehef annealed) to benefit other properties, such as corrosion resistance and formabiUty. 

The several wrought alloys of commercial importance span the range of 1.0 to 10 wt % tin and are mosdy used in work hardened tempers. These... 

Gold Casting and Wrought Alloys. Gold alloys useful ki dentistry may contaki gold, silver, platinum, palladium, iridium, kidium, copper, nickel, tin, kon, and zkic. Other metals occasionally are found ki minor amounts. The effect of each of the constituents is empirical, but some observations have been made. 

Titanium-Based Casting and Wrought Alloys. Titanium-based alloys offer an attractive alternative to gold alloys and to the base-metal alloys that contain nickel or chromium. On a volume basis the cost of titanium is roughly comparable to that of the chromium-containing alloys, but the price of titanium tends to be more stable because its ores are abundant and widely distributed (see Titaniumand titanium alloys). 

The property most frequently cited in connection with the use of Ti dental or medical appHances is titanium s unique biocompatibiHty. This helps practitioners avoid occasional allergic reactions that occur with nickel or chromium alloys, and removes concerns about the toxic or carcinogenic potential of appHances that contain nickel, chromium, or beryUium. Wrought alloys of titanium are used for orthodontic wires because of their unique elastic... 

The present trend of material seleeted for collection headers is toward Incoloy 800. The cast alloys used, HK and HT, have failed in most instances because of their inherently low ductility—especially after exposure to elevated temperature. It now appears that wrought alloys should be used in preference to cast alloys unless the higher creep strength of the east alloy is required and the inherently low ductility of the aged cast alloy is considered in the design. 

There is a large assortment of alloys available for abrasive service in the forms of wrought alloys, sintered metal compacts, castings, and hard-surfacing alloys. They can... 

Aluminum alloys can be divided into three classes aluminum of various degrees of purity wrought alloys and casting alloys. 

Knet-gummi, n. a soft cleaning composition, art gum. -holz, Ti. plastic wood, -legienmg, /. wrought alloy, -maschine, -mUhle,/. kneading machine, malaxator masticator (Ceram.) pug mill. 

A wide range of cast and wrought alloys is available. For detailed expositions of properties and uses the reader is referred to publications on many specialised aspects obtainable from the Copper Development Association offices in various countries. Relevant publications of the British Standards Institution include BS 1400, Copper Alloy Ingots and Castings and BS 2870-5, Copper and Copper Alloy Wrought Products. All standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials relating to copper and copper alloys are included in a volume published annually ... 

The mechanical properties of wrought alloys depend on composition and metallurgical condition. At the extremes, annealed pure copper has a tensile strength of 180MN m and a hardness of 40 Hy, and heat-treated beryllium copper can have a tensile strength of 1 300 MN m and a hardness of 390 Hy. Summaries of typical properties of some of the more important wrought and cast copper alloys are given in Tables 4.9 and 4.10. 

Tin-bronzes and gunmetals Alloys containing 3-0-12-5% Sn and 0-02-0-04% P, known as phosphor-bronzes, are widely employed. Cast as well as wrought alloys are used, and cast leaded bronzes are also available. 

Nickel silvers These wrought alloys consist essentially of Cu, Zn and Ni, with Ni in the range 10-30%. Leaded nickel brasses are also used, usually where some machining is involved. 

The alloys are often classified according to different criteria. One convenient classification is based on the most characteristic method used for shaping alloy-based objects. Examples are cast alloys and wrought alloys. Cast alloys, such as cast bronze, cast brass, and cast iron, are generally... 

Aluminum tris(tetrahydroborate), 4 196 Aluminum wire, 17 833 Aluminum wrought alloy 1100, 2 328t chemical industry applications, 2 341 weathering, 2 336t... 

Aluminum wrought alloy 1350, 2 328t overhead transmission line application, 2 341... 

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