Titanium-based alloys

Besides the material based characteristics, the difference of density of the used particle/substrate combination is a very important criterion. The difference of density influences the contrast of the radiographic tests. Tungsten carbides were used as mechanically resistant particles and titanium based alloys as substrate. The substrate material is marked by an advantageous relation of strength to density. This material is often used in aeronautics, astronautics, and for modification of boundary layers. The density of tungsten carbide (15.7 g/cm ) is about 3.5 times higher than the density of titanium (4.45-4.6 g/cm ). 

Titanium-Based Casting and Wrought Alloys. Titanium-based alloys offer an attractive alternative to gold alloys and to the base-metal alloys that contain nickel or chromium. On a volume basis the cost of titanium is roughly comparable to that of the chromium-containing alloys, but the price of titanium tends to be more stable because its ores are abundant and widely distributed (see Titaniumand titanium alloys). 

Commercial alloys composition, nomenclature. A simple and general way of identification of a commercial alloy (or of a group of similar alloys) consists of a label which gives (as rounded values) the mass% contents of the main components indicated by their chemical symbols. The alloy, for instance, Ti-6A1-4V, is a titanium-based alloy typically containing 6 mass% aluminium and 4 mass% vanadium. 

Figure 5.110 Variation of tensile strength with temperature for some titanium-based alloys and composites. Reprinted, by permission, from M. Schwartz, Composite Materials Handbook, 2nd ed., p. 2.111. Copyright 1992 by McGraw-Hill, Inc.

The titanium-base alloys are considerably stronger than aluminum alloys and superior to most alloy steels in several respects. Several types are available. Alloying metals include aluminum, vanadium, tin, copper, molybdenum, and chromium. 

More recently magnesium-base, iron-base, and zirconium-titanium-base alloys have been developed that do not require such rapid cooling. In 1992, W. L. Johnson and co-workers developed the first commercial alloy available in bulk form Vitreloy 1, which contains 41.2 a/o Zr, 13.8 a/o Ti, 12.5 a/o Cu, 10 a/o Ni, and 22.5 a/o Be. The critical cooling rate for this alloy is about 1 K/s so glassy parts can be made with dimensions of several centimeters. Its properties are given in Table 15.3. 

Abstract The current state of production, certification and use of standard samples of aluminium-and titanium-based alloys with specified contents of gas impurities is described. A list of the certified standard samples with a specified gas impurity content which are available in Russia is presented. 

A titanium base alloy as set forth in claim 1 having up to 0.1% iron, balance titanium. 

Rebak, R.B., Corrosion of Non-Ferrous Alloys, Part I Nickel-, Cobalt-, Copper-, Zirconium-and Titanium-Base Alloys, Corrosion and Environmental Degradation, Vol. II, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, p. 69, 2000. 

Of all the 115 elements listed in the Periodic Table, 70% exhibit metallic character. Since the discovery of copper and bronze by early civilizations, the study of metals i.e., metallurgy) contributed to most of the early investigations related to materials science. Whereas iron-based alloys have long been exploited for a variety of applications, there is a constant search for new metallic compositions that have increasing structural durability, but also possess sufficiently less density. The recent exploitation of titanium-based alloys results from this effort, and has resulted in very useful materials that are used for applications ranging from aircraft bodies to golf clubs. Indeed, there are many yet undiscovered metallic compositions that will undoubtedly prove invaluable for future applications. 

High-purity metals and superalloys are required for the aeronautics, electronics, instruments, space, and defense industries the raw materials are at present imported. Primarily, these special metals include nickel-and cobalt-based superalloys, high-strength iron-based alloys, titanium-based alloys, controlled-expansion alloys, and magnetic materials. Keeping in view the importance of these metals and alloys and the expertise available in India for making them, the NCST has identified two projects for their development the setting up of a special metal and superalloys plant and the development of controlled-expansion alloys. 

Most metallic biomaterials fall into one of four categories stainless steels, titanium and titanium-based alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, and amalgams. Additionally, research is under way on a number of... 

The densities of the stoichiometric compositions were determined to 4.32 g/cm3 for Ti5Si3 and 4.07 g/cm3 for TiSi2. Both compounds possess lower densities than titanium base alloys. A good correlation between binding energies, melting temperatures and microhardness of the investigated silicides is shown in table I. 

Titanium based alloys Endoprotheses (artificial joints) ... 

The steel industry accounts for over 90% of the present Free World demand for vanadium, and increasing demand in steel applications is responsible for most of the projected growth. Vanadium is used also as an alloying element in titanium-base alloys and as vanadium catalysts by the chemical industry. Table 14.1 displays estimated vanadium usage in 1973 by major end use for the Free World. 

In steel applications, vanadium is used in the production of KSLA steels, tool and die steels, open die forgings and to some extent as a strengthening agent in plain carbon steels. The titanium industry employs vanadium as an alloy addition to titanium-base alloys used principally in air-frame and gas... 

Metallic chromium or titanium, cobalt-based, chromium-based and titanium-based alloys, stainless steel and depleted uranium Furazolidone [67-45-8] (Vol. 31, Suppl. 7 1987)... 

The titanium alloys are not heat resisting materials being inferior to stainless steel in this respect. Recently titanium-based alloys alloyed with silicon, aluminium, zirconium (elements which considerably enhance heat resistance of technical metals Fe, Co, Ni) were elaborated in IPMS of NASU... 

Titanium-base alloys, which form Ti02, are used to about 600 °C. 

Figure 20.2 shows results obtained for a number of elements in a variety of alloy types including aluminum, copper, iron, nickel and titanium based alloys using an... 

The metals commonly used in medical devices are stainless steel (Types 316 and 316 L), cobalt-chromium-based alloys, titanium, and titanium-based alloys. Metals are used extensively in orthopedic surgery for load-bearing devices, such as artificial joints and fixation devices (wires, pins, screws fracture plates, etc.). Other metals include tantalum, gold, and mercury alloys the latter two are used predominantly in dentistry. 

Titanium-based alloys 400 (750) Aqueous solutions, carbon dioxide, organic solvents... 

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