Dental wires

Dentistry. Most casting alloys meet the composition and properties criteria of specification no. 5 of the American Dental Association (37) which prescribes four types of alloy systems constituted of gold—silver—copper with addition of platinum, palladium, and 2inc. Composition ranges are specified, as are mechanical properties and minimum fusion temperatures. Wrought alloys for plates also may include the same constituents. Similarly, specification no. 7 prescribes nickel and two types of alloys for dental wires with the same alloy constituents (see Dental materials). 

Contaminated sharps—Any contaminated object that can penetrate the skin including, but not limited to, needles, scalpels, broken glass, broken capillary tubes, and exposed ends of dental wires. 

Isophthahc acid is also used in formulations for adhesives, inks (qv), wire enamels, and dental materials (qv). Copper isophthalate [10027-31-3] is an ingredient in algicides and fungicides (98). 

Biomedical. Heart-valve parts are fabricated from pyrolytic carbon, which is compatible with living tissue. Such parts are produced by high temperature pyrolysis of gases such as methane. Other potential biomedical apphcations are dental implants and other prostheses where a seal between the implant and the living biological surface is essential. Plasma and arc-wire sprayed coatings are used on prosthetic devices, eg, hip implants, to achieve better bone/tissue attachments (see Prosthetic and BiOLffiDiCALdevices). 

Platinum, as an alloying element, is used in many dental casting golds (Tables 6 and 7) to improve hardness and elastic qualities. Platinum in combination with palladium and iridium has limited use for dental pins and wires. 

The property most frequently cited in connection with the use of Ti dental or medical appHances is titanium s unique biocompatibiHty. This helps practitioners avoid occasional allergic reactions that occur with nickel or chromium alloys, and removes concerns about the toxic or carcinogenic potential of appHances that contain nickel, chromium, or beryUium. Wrought alloys of titanium are used for orthodontic wires because of their unique elastic... 

Uses. Dental solders and fluxes are used to join orthodontic wires, fasten attachments to partial dentures, repair castings units, and join crown and bridge units either before or after the appHcation of porcelain. They may also be used to repair fixed and removable dental appHances. 

Palladium is used in the manufacture of surgical instruments, electrical contacts, springs for watches and clocks, high-quality spark plugs, and special wires and as white gold in jewelry. Because it is noncorrosive, it is used as a coating for other metals and to make dental fillings and crowns. 

Because of its hardness and noncorrosiveness, tantalum is used to make dental and surgical tools and implants and artificial joints, pins, and screws. The metal does not interact with human tissues and fluids. Since tantalum can be drawn into thin wires, it is used in the electronics industry, to make smoke detectors, as a getter in vacuum tubes to absorb residual gases, and as filaments in incandescent lamps. It has many other uses in the electronics industry. 

Paper pencil small (3-x-4-in.) cardboard box with lid plaster of Paris or casting plaster water iron skimmer ladle pewter in sheet or ingot form wire (stove pipe) pliers carving tools (simple knife nail file pencil old dental tools or anything that will carve plaster) wire cutters propane torch fireproof surface (casting container of sand) steel wool jeweler s saw and blades files X-ACTO knife C-clamp leaves. 

Orthodontics is concerned with tooth movement to optimal positions, using metallic archwires ligated to brackets bonded to enamel or dental restorations by adhesive resins, as well as using suitable other metallic appliances, to provide appropriate forces and bending moments in vivo. The force generated by a bent orthodontic wire is proportional to its elastic modulus, and relatively light and continuous forces are considered to be optimum. There is considerable interest in nickel-titanium orthodontic wires, which have the lowest elastic modulus of the major wire alloys [7]. 

Uses Reinforcing agent, extender, pigment in reinforced plastics, dental cements, glass industry, rubber, wire and cable insulation paint filler/extender mfg. of semiprecious stones, enamels, colored lakes catalyst in refining petroleum filler in rubber, shoe soles,... 

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