Worlds Production

A recent article claimed that the average annual production of chlorosulfonic acid in Western Europe is 120000 tons, while the comparable figures for the USA and Japan are 67000 and 50 000 tons respectively. Indian annual capacity for chlorosulfonic acid production totals 88 800 tons by seven companies. The largest producer is DMC, followed by Grasim Industries with 16 500 tons Indian production in 1993-94 was estimated to be 73 000 tons. On a global scale, the uses of chlorosulfonic acid are as already reported (see Introduction, p 5). -  

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Cements are commonly made by heating a mixture of limestone and clay to about 1700 C. The product is ground with gypsum. Chemically cements consist of a mixture of calcium silicates and aluminates with some sulphate present. World production 1976 730 megatonnes. 

CoAsS, are also used as sources. The ore is roasted and Co is precipitated as the hydroxide and then reduced to Co with carbon (hep below 417 - C, cep to m.p.). The metal is silvery white and readily polished. It dissolves in dilute acids and is slowly oxidized in air. Adsorbs hydrogen strongly. The main use of cobalt is in alloys. Cobalt compounds are used in paints and varnishes, catalysts. Cobalt is an essential element in the diet. World production 1976 32 000 tonnes metal. 

PbEu (anti-knock agents), radiation and sound shields, in paints, high quality glass. World production 1980 4 0 megatonnes. Lead compounds are toxic and hazardous to health. 

C (Mond process). The silver-white metal is ccp. The metal is not tarnished by air but is attacked by acids (except cone. HNO3). It is resistant to Fj. It is used extensively in alloys, particularly in steels and cast iron and as a coinage metal. Used in glass (green) in catalysts (particularly for hydrogenation). Western world production 1981 662 000 tonnes. 

Sulphuric acid is probably the most important chemical substance not found naturally. Its manufacture is therefore important the total world production is about 25 000 000 tons a year. 

Rhodium occurs native with other platinum metals in river sands of the Urals and in North and South America. It is also found with other platinum metals in the copper-nickel sulfide area of the Sudbury, Ontario region. Although the quantity occurring here is very small, the large tonnages of nickel processed make the recovery commercially feasible. The annual world production of rhodium is only 7 or 8 tons. 

Rice is grown in more than 100 countries and on every continent except Antarctica. In the world economy rice is an extremely important food, second only to wheat in total world production, and its yield per hectare exceeds that of wheat (57). Rice is the main staple food for more than half of the world s population and it accounts for one-third to one-half of the daily caloric intake in many Asian countries. It is also the major source of protein for the masses of Asian people. In many African and South American countries rice is rapidly becoming the staple food for much of the population. 

Diamond. Diamond [7782 0-3] is the hardest substance known (see Carbon, diamond, natural). It has a Knoop hardness of 78—80 kN/m (8000—8200 kgf/m ). The next hardest substance is cubic boron nitride with a Knoop value of 46 kN/m, and its inventor, Wentorf, beheves that no manufactured material will ever exceed diamond s hardness (17). In 1987 the world production of natural industrial diamonds (4) was about 110 t (1 g = 5 carats). It should be noted that whereas the United States was the leading consumer of industrial diamonds in 1987 (140 t) only 260 kg of natural industrial diamonds were consumed this is the lowest figure in 48 years (4), illustrating the impact that synthetic diamonds have made on the natural diamond abrasive market. 

Producers of acetone in the United States and their capacities and feedstocks are given in Table 4 (14). Data on world production and processes by regions are shown in Tables 5 and 6 (15). 

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