World seed production

Peerenboom, R. 2004. Putting organic seed production in perspective. In Proceedings of the First World IPOAM/ISP/PAO Conference on Organic Seed - Perspectives, Challenges and Opportunities. Rome, Italy, 5-7 July 2004. IFOAM, Bonn. pp. 6-8. 

One should consider that plant-derived steroids alone account for about 15% ( 22 billion) of the 150 billion world pharmaceuticals market and that the annual market for taxol exceeded 1 billion in the year 2000. The antineoplastic agents vinblastine and vincristine have sales amounting to 100 million per year the market for psyllium seed products amounts to some 300 million annually and nicotine and scopolamine patches now have combined sales of more than 1 billion per year. It is obvious that natural products continue to play important economic as well as therapeutic roles in modem medicine. 

Soybean dominates world oilseed production and represents 55% of the world s total oilseed production (Figure 3). The production of canola/rapeseed seeds ranked second in the world behind soybeans in 2000-2001. 

World production of sunflower seed (7%) was third in the world production of oilseeds in 2001-2002, after soybean (57%) and canola seeds (11%). Production of soybean being by far the largest, sunflower seed production does not amount to much of the world total oilseed production (129). 

Figure 31. Evolution of sunflower seed production (MMT) by country/region in the last years compared with total world production [based on (129)].

Figure 34 shows the evolution of the sunflower oil production (MMT) by country/region in the last years, compared with the total sunflower oU production [based on Gunstone (129-131)]. The leading position in the producer market varies according to period, with fairly similar amounts for the European Union and Argentina (major producer countries), except for a sharp drop in Argentina in 2000-2001 as a result of the decrease in seed production (showed in Figure 31). As for ex-USSR, it became the world s largest producer country as of 1999-2000. The...

Morse, D. E., Hooker, N., Jensen, L., and Duncan, H. (1979). b. Induction of larval abalone settling and metamorphosis by y-aminobutyric acid and its congeners from crustose red algae 2. Applications to cultivation, seed production and bioassays Principle causes of mortality and interference. Proc. World Maricult. Soc. 10,81-91. 

Aproximately, 20% of all food-crop production and about 15% of seed crops require the help of pollinators for fuU pollination (Mein et al., 2007), but Kevan Phillips (2001) reported that aproximately 73% of cultivated vegetals in the world would be pollinated by some bee species. GaUai et al. (2009) reported a bioeconomic approach, which integrated the production dependence ratio on pollinators, for the 100 crops used directly for human food worldwide as listed by FAO. The total economic value of pollination worldwide amounted to 153 billion, which represented 9.5% of the value of the world agricultural production used for human food in 2005. The honeybee is the most common insect used as agricultural pollinator in many parts of the world like Europe and United States. 

Europe is the major rapeseed producing area in the world. Rapeseed production increased three- to fourfold after World War II to alleviate the severe shortage of edible oils and to lessen their dependence on imported soybeans. This development has been highly beneficial in terms of a better balanced agriculture especially in Northern Europe. Most European production is of winter rape varieties which give higher yields (Table III), and modern oil extraction techniques ensure that oil yields from the seed are also high. Yield of oil from one hectare in Europe equals that from about 4 hectares in India. 

Through the efforts of the Research Branch of Agriculture Canada, rape-seed has been introduced into areas where other oilseed crops do not thrive, as for example, the regions north of the 52nd parallel in Canada s Western Provinces. The combined effort of these scientists has helped to propel rape-seed oil to fourth place in the world s production of edible vegetable oils and to firmly establish it in global commerce. 

On an industrial scale, the most commonly processed raw material is oil seeds. A summary of the important typical raw materials is given in Table 3.26. In terms of world oil production, the major oils are soybean, pahn, rapeseed, sunflower, cotton, peanut, coconut, pahn kernel, sesame and ohve oils. A large number of other oils have only local significance, and a number of other oils are obtained solely for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and oleochemical purposes (linseed, castor and periUa oils in particular). Oils from the pericarp (pulp) of fruits, such as pahn and ohve oils, are obtained by specific procedures, unlike the oils from seeds. 

WORLD AND U.S. PRODUCTION. The global growth in the 1960s of sunflower seed production and of the sunflower seed and oil trade is the most impressive of any in the fat and oil industry. In 1990, sunflowers ranked third in the world among sources of edible vegetable oils, exceeded only by soybean oil and rape oil. 

Canadian mnstard seed prodnction has been ranging from 105,0001 in 2001-2002 to 306,0001 in 2004-2005. In 2006, the total world mustard exports were 315,0001, 55% of which were Canadian mustard. In 2006-2007, Saskatchewan dominated Canadian mustard seed production, with 78% of total production. The area seeded for mustard in 2006 in Saskatchewan was 280,000 acres, which yielded 776 pounds per acre (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2007). These data show that mustard seeds are available in large quantity in Canada. Because it contains a high level of erucic acid, mustard oil does not meet Canadian spedlications for edible purpose, but it could be utilized for other purposes such as feedstock for biodiesel production. 

World com production was about 38,065 million bushels in 2013-2014 marketing year. Com is mainly used as an animal feed, a food component and an ethanol feedstock (Anonymous 2014). Com oil is one of the co-products of the com seeds. Its capacity depends on the com production. Com oil production and consumption data show that the largest com oil producers and consumers are United States and China respectively. The recent increase in... 

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