Biological systems osmotic work

The question of the work done on chemical systems must also be considered. There are various ways in which a system may do work, or by which work may be done on a system. For example, if we pass a current through a solution and electrolyze it we perform one form of work—electrical work. Conversely, an electrochemical cell performs work, as will be considered in detail in Chapter 8. Living systems also perform work and this work can be classified into three basic types chemical work, osmotic work, and inechanical work. Chemical work is done by all biological ceils, not only... 

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