White Pine compound,

Its major use is in cough preparations often together with white pine and wild cherry barks, bloodroot, and spikenard root, as in white pine compound or its variations. 

Used as a constituent in some cough syrups that are based on White Pine Compound or related formulations. More commonly used in Europe than the United States. 

Some animals process plants to reduce defense compounds even before eating. The meadow vole M. pennsylvanicus cuts winter branches of white spruce, Norway spruce, white pine, and Norway pine and leaves them on the snow for 2-3 days before eating them. This reduces the levels of condensed tannins and other phenolics by one half, to their summer levels. A high level of protein 12%) and reduced phenolics (1.5% of dry matter) now render the food acceptable. It is not clear how the phenolics are being lost, possibly by polymerization or oxidation (Roy and Bergeron, 1990b). 

Naturally Occurring Substances.— Tall oil, obtained as a by-product of pulping conifer wood chips, contains a mixture of fatty and diterpenoid resin acids and neutral compounds. The latter include" pimara-8(14),15-diene-3/S,18-diol, abieta-8,ll,13-triene-15,18-diol, 19-hydroxy-15,16-bisnorlabda-8(17)-en-13-one, 8,13i8-epoxylabd-14-en-6a-ol (6a-hydroxy-13-epimanoyl oxide), and the 9,10-secoabietatriene (41). The latter was also isolated from the bark of the jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and western white pine (P. monticola). A range of 7-monohydroxy, 1,7- and 1,11-dihydroxy-, and 1,7,11-trihydroxy-sandaraco-pimaradienes and their acetates (42) have been obtained" from Zexmenia (Compositae) species. The l,ll-diacetoxy-7-ketone and 6,7-epoxide were also isolated. 

Recent studies have described the complex, constitutive, and MeJA- and insect-induced terpenoid defenses in Norway spruce and Sitka spruce at anatomical, chemical, and biochemical levels. " Miller et al. compared the effect of MeJA treatment and white pine weevil attack on induced terpenoid defenses in Sitka spruce. They found that MeJA and real insects induce very similar terpenoid responses at the biochemical and molecular levels. The cloning and functional characterization of a family of ten, functionally diverse Norway spruce TPS genes not only allowed an improved phylogeny of the conifer TPS-d gene family but also allowed a detailed molecular and biochemical characterization of induced changes in terpenoid metabolite profiles in spruce defense. Many of the products of the recently identified Norway spruce TPS genes correspond with components of terpenoid metabolite profiles after MeJA treatment or insect attack in species of spruce. Our work on Norway spruce terpenoid responses to MeJA treatment " is discussed here with an emphasis on those compounds that are products of the newly characterized spruce TPS genes. ... 

White pine bark, WTiite Pine Compound, and their extracts both were formerly official in N.F Strengths (see glossary) of extracts are expressed in weight-to-weight ratios. 

Boron (Buraq in Arabic/Burah in Persian, which is the word for white, the color being attributed to borax (sodium tetraborate, Na2B4O7.10H2O)) was discovered in 1808 independently by the British Chemist, Sir Humphry Davy, and two French chemists, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Loius Jacques Thenard.1 They isolated boron in 50% purity by the reduction of boric acid with sodium or magnesium. The Swedish chemist Jons Jakob Berzilius identified boron as an element in 1824. The first pine sample of boron was produced by the American chemist William Weintraub in 1909. Boron does not appear in nature in elemental form, but is found in its compounded... 

In Table 15 are recorded the dissociation constants of certain phenolic compounds. From these data it becomes obvious that the introduction of aldehyde groups, or other substituents, changes the dissociation constant of phenolic hydroxyls by over one-hundred fold. Moreover, oxidation studies carried out in this laboratory have shown that the native lignins from bagasse, white Scots pine and birch contain... 

However, in the light of the results presented herein, this cannot be stated unequivocally, otherwise it would follow that only guaiacyl type compounds would be obtained as softwood lignin degradation products. It has been found that the native lignin from the softwood white Scots pine also yields p-hydroxybenzaldehyde upon oxidation. Thus, it seems that either coniferyl alcohol is not the only lignin progenitor in woody tissues, or that this coniferyl compound is preceded in the process of... 

However, the concentration of elemental phosphorus in effluents from industries that produce phosphorus compounds is much lower, compared to industries that do not use chemical conversion processes for producing final products (e.g., WP/F production). White phosphorus also enters water when treated or untreated effluents are released from munitions production facilities that use white phosphorus. Before water recycling measures were implemented at the Pine Bluff Arsenal in Arkansas, the effluent water (phossy water) from the facility contained <53.4 mg/L of white phosphorus (Pearson et al. 1976). 

Catechin is among the principal polyphenolic monomers in white fir and western hemlock barks (10 JJLtJ ) Quercitin occurs in ponderosa pine bark, while dihydroquercitin is found in Douglas fir bark (16 17). The structure of these compounds are as follows ... 

White thyme is not complete or natural, but is usually an adulterated and compounded oil made up of fractions of pine oils, rosemary, eucalyptus and red thyme, or it may be origanum with p-cymene, pinene, limonene and caryophyllene. 

Loganathan, B.G., Baust, J., Jr., Neale, J., White, S., Owen, D.A. (1998a). Chlorinated hydrocarbons in pine needles an atmospheric evaluation of westernmost Kentucky, USA. Paper presented at Dioxin 98. Stockholm, Sweden. August 17-21, 1998. Oraganohalogen Compounds 39 303-6. 

YARMOR 60 pine oil" is a clear, pale yellow to near water-white oily liquid with a distinct pinelike odor. Derived from terpene oils of pinewood origin, it is a blend of related compounds, principally terpene alcohols. It is intended for manufacture of cleaners and disinfectants, and for other uses where a good-quality pine oil is required. 

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