British chemist

The circle m a hexagon symbol was first suggested by the British chemist Sir Robert Robinson to represent what he called the aromatic sextet —the six delocalized TT electrons of the three double bonds Robinson s symbol is a convenient time saving shorthand device but Kekule type formulas are better for counting and keeping track of electrons especially m chemical reactions... 

The reaction is named for Alexander Williamson a British chemist who used it to prepare diethyl ether in 1850... 

Structural drawings of carbohydrates of this type are called Haworth formulas, after the British chemist Sir Walter Norman Haworth (St Andrew s University and the University of Birmingham) Early m his career Haworth contributed to the discovery that carbohydrates exist as cyclic hemiacetals rather than m open chain forms Later he col laborated on an efficient synthesis of vitamin C from carbohydrate precursors This was the first chemical synthesis of a vitamin and provided an inexpensive route to its prepa ration on a commercial scale Haworth was a corecipient of the Nobel Prize for chem istry m 1937... 

Formic acid [64-18-6] (methanoic acid) is the first member of the homologous series of alkyl carboxyHc acids. It occurs naturally ia the defensive secretions of a number of insects, particularly of ants. Although the acid nature of the vapors above ants nests had been known since at least 1488, the pure acid was not isolated until 1671, when the British chemist John Ray described the isolation of the pure acid by distillation of ants (1). This remained the main preparative method for more than a century until a convenient laboratory method was discovered by Gay-Lussac (2). The preparation of formates using carbon monoxide was described by Berthelot in 1856. 

Until the beginning of the 19th century, it was thought that heat was an invisible substance called caloric. An object at a high temperature was thought to contain more caloric than one at a low temperature. However, British physicist Benjamin Thompson in 1798 and British chemist Sir Humphry Davy in 1799 presented... 

James Joule was horn in Salford, near Manchester, England, on Ueceniher 24, 1818. Ele was the second son of a wealthy brewery owner and was educated at home by private tutors. For three years he was fortunate enough to have the eminent British chemist, John Dalton as his chemisti y teacher. He never attended a university as a consequence, while he was... 

The development of alkylbenzenesulfonates (ABSs) goes back to 1923, when the British chemist Adams discovered that it was possible to obtain water-soluble products by the sulfonation and neutralization of hexadecyl- and octadecyl-benzene. Such products have also soap-like characteristics [1]. In 1926 IG-Farbenindustrie (Hoechst) and Chemische Fabrik Pott, Pirna/Sachsen simultaneously discovered that long-chain ABSs have excellent surface-active properties. 

The VSEPR model was first explored by the British chemists Nevil Sidgwick and Herbert Powell and has been developed by the Canadian chemist Ronald Gillespie. 

August K cuU von Stradonitz, German chemist (1829-1896). Sir James Dewar. British chemist and physicist (1842-1923). 

Boron (Buraq in Arabic/Burah in Persian, which is the word for white, the color being attributed to borax (sodium tetraborate, Na2B4O7.10H2O)) was discovered in 1808 independently by the British Chemist, Sir Humphry Davy, and two French chemists, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Loius Jacques Thenard.1 They isolated boron in 50% purity by the reduction of boric acid with sodium or magnesium. The Swedish chemist Jons Jakob Berzilius identified boron as an element in 1824. The first pine sample of boron was produced by the American chemist William Weintraub in 1909. Boron does not appear in nature in elemental form, but is found in its compounded... 

Not surprisingly, these histories differed markedly from one another according to their country of origin. Thomas Thomson s two-volume history of chemistry and Dumas s lecture course in philosophical chemistry, both published in the 1830s, present somewhat different accounts by chemists of the formation of chemistry as a discipline. Thomson gives a more favorable reading to the work of German chemists Johann J. Becher and Stahl and considerably more detail than Dumas to British chemists.38... 

See William Whewell, "On the Employment of Notation in Chemistry," J. Royal Inst. 1 (1831) 437438 Alborn, "Negotiating Notation" W. H. Brock, "The British Association Committee on Chemical Symbols 1834 Edward Turner s Letter to British Chemists and a Reply by William Prout," Ambix 33 (1986) 3337. 

Quoted in J. Vargas Eyre, Henry Edward Armstrong, 18481937 The Doyen of British Chemists and Pioneer of Technical Education (London Butterworths Scientific Publications, 1958) 52. 

See C. B. Allsop and W. A. Waters, "Thomas Martin Lowry," 402418, in Alexander Findlay and William Hobson Mills, eds., British Chemists (London The Chemical Society, 1947) 402 and W. J. Pope, "Thomas Martin Lowry," Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, 2 (19361938) 287293. 

Smith, "Development of Organic Chemistry," Pt. I, 43 also G. A. R. Kon and R. P. Linstead, "Jocelyn Field Thorpe," in British Chemists, ed. Alexander Findlay (London The Chemical Society, 1947) 369401, on 371373. 

Barium - the atomic number is 56 and the chemical symbol is Ba. The name is derived from the Greek barys for heavy since it was found in the mineral heavy spar (BaSOJ. It was discovered by the Swedish pharmacist and chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774 and it was first isolated by the British chemist Humphry Davy in 1808. 

Calcium - the atomic mmiber is 20 and the chemical symbol is Ca. The name derives from the Latin calx for lime (CaO) or limestone (CaCOj) in which it was foimd. It was first isolated by the British chemist Humphry Davy in 1808 with help from the Swedish chemist Jons Jacob Berzelius and the Swedish court physician M.M. af Pontin, who had prepared calcimn amalgam. 

Radium - the atomic number is 88 and the chemical symbol is Ra. The name derives from the Latin radius for beam or ray because of its tremendous ray-emitting power. It was discovered by the French physicist Pierre Curie and the Polish-bom, French chemist Marie Sklodowska Curie in 1898. It was independently discovered by the British chemists Frederick Soddy and John A. Cranston. It was first isolated in 1910 by Marie Curie and the French chemist Andre-Louis Debieme. The longest half-life associated with this unstable element is 1599 year Ra. 

British chemist Henry Cavendish The most abundant element formed concurrent with the universe used in balloons, airships, and by deep-sea divers. 

British chemist Sir Humphry Davy and French chemists Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac, Louis-Jacques Thenard Nearly as hard as diamond, this brittle crystal is rare in pure form combines to form borax also valuable in the production of glass and semiconductors. 

British chemist Daniel Rutherford In pure form, a relatively unreactive gas makes up about three-quarters of the Earth s atmosphere important constituent of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and proteins. 

British chemist Sir William Ramsay Noble gas that gives off a bluish light when subjected to electrical charge often used for airport runway lighting forms only one known compound, krypton fluoride. 

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