White pine weevil

Terminal shoot curled and brown. Cause White pine weevils. For more information, see Terminal shoot curled and brown on page 183. 

White mold, bean and, 35,37 White pine blister rust currant and, 86 Pinus and, 183,184 White pine weevils Picea and, 182 Pinus and, 183-84 White rot... 

Recent studies have described the complex, constitutive, and MeJA- and insect-induced terpenoid defenses in Norway spruce and Sitka spruce at anatomical, chemical, and biochemical levels. " Miller et al. compared the effect of MeJA treatment and white pine weevil attack on induced terpenoid defenses in Sitka spruce. They found that MeJA and real insects induce very similar terpenoid responses at the biochemical and molecular levels. The cloning and functional characterization of a family of ten, functionally diverse Norway spruce TPS genes not only allowed an improved phylogeny of the conifer TPS-d gene family but also allowed a detailed molecular and biochemical characterization of induced changes in terpenoid metabolite profiles in spruce defense. Many of the products of the recently identified Norway spruce TPS genes correspond with components of terpenoid metabolite profiles after MeJA treatment or insect attack in species of spruce. Our work on Norway spruce terpenoid responses to MeJA treatment " is discussed here with an emphasis on those compounds that are products of the newly characterized spruce TPS genes. ... 

MILLER, B., MADILAO, L.L., RALPH, S., BOHLMANN, J., Insect-induced conifer defense. White pine weevil and methyl jasmonate induce traumatic resinosis, de novo formed volatile emissions, and accumulation of terpenoid synthase and octadecanoid pathway transcripts in Sitka spruce. Plant Physiol, 2005, 137, 369-382. 

ALFARO, R.I., An induced defense reaction in white spruce to attack by the white-pine weevil, Pissodes strobi. Can. J. For. Res., 1995, 25, 1725-1730. 

TOMLIN, E.S., ALFARO, R.I., BORDEN, J.H., HE, F.L., Histological response of resistant and susceptible white spruce to simulated white pine weevil damage. Tree Physiol, 1998, 18,21-28. 

Pissodes strobi White pine weevil Coleoptera Curculionidae Plodia interpunctella Indian meal moth Lepidoptera Pyralidae Prays citri... 

Differences between sources in resistance to white pine weevil have been reported (Batzer, 1961, 1962 King, 1971 Hodson et al, 1982 de Groot and Schnekenburger, 1999). Batzer (1962) and de Groot... 

King (1971) proposed that heavy infestations of pests may not affect tree height, as laterals quickly assume dominance if the terminal shoot is damaged. However, Hodson et al, (1982) observed that eastern gall rust, pine shoot borer, white pine weevil and redheaded pine sawfly infestations all caused height decreases by age 15. 

Batzer, H.O. 1961. Jack pine from Lake States seed sources differ in susceptibility to attack by the white-pine weevil. USDA Forest Service Lake States Forest Experiment Station Technical Note No. 595. 2 pp. 

White pine weevil may feed on black spruce (Belyea and Sullivan, 1956), resulting in girdling and death of the top portion of the main stem (Syme, 1995). Hopkin et al. (1994a) found that only a small percentage of trees in Ontario plantations were affected, chiefly those 2 to 6 m in height. 

Belyea, R.M., and C.R. Sullivan. 1956. The white pine weevil A review of current knowledge. For. Chron. 32 58-67. 

Mitchell, R.G., N.E. Johnson and K.H. Wright. 1974. Susceptibility of 10 spruce species and hybrids to the white pine weevil (=Sitka spruce weevil) in the Pacific Northwest. USDA For. Serv. Pacific Northwest For. Range Exp. Stat. Res. Note PNW-225, 8 pp. 

Bark damaged leaves yellowish. Causes Beetles weevils pine bark adelgids. A wide variety of pests attack the bark of pines. Beetles and weevils make small holes in the trunk where they bore through the bark and tunnel underneath. Pine bark adelgids are small, cottony, white insects that congregate on the bark of the trunk and limbs. 

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