Wheat Triticum aestivum

Schafer W, H Sandermann (1988) Metabolism of pentachlorophenol in cell suspension cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Tetrachlorocatecol as a primary product. J Agric Food Chem 36 370-377. 

E. Delhaize, P. R. Ryan, and P. J. Randall, Aluminum tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 11. Aluminum-stimulated excretion of malic acid from root apices. Plant Physiol. 103 695 (1993). 

Rye (Secale cereale L.) and Wheat Triticum aestivum L.) Mulch The Suppression of Certain Broadleaved Weeds and the Isolation and Identification of Phytotoxins... 

Wheat, Triticum aestivum from sludge-amended soil (19.4 mg Ni/kg DW soil) vs. nonsludge amended soil Lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium leaf various distances from nickel smelter... 

For 2 generations quail ate diets containing wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown on sludge-amended soils (980 pg Ni/kg DW wheat) or control wheat (400 pg Ni/kg DW). Total diets contained 710 pg Ni/kg DW (sludge-grown wheat) or 480 pg Ni/kg DW (controls)... 

Paraquat adsorbed to soils is usually unavailable to crops. In the case of wheat (Triticum aestivum), effects from contaminated soils were negligible until soil residues surpassed 600 to 1000 kg/ha, causing growth reduction of 10%, or 1650 kg/ha, causing elevated residues in leaves but not in grain (Moyer and Lindwall 1985). 

Winter wheat, Triticum aestivum, acute single exposure Growth inhibition 1... 

Rafi MM, Epstein E, FalkRH. Silicon deprivation causes physical abnormalities in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Plant Physiol 1997 151 497-501. 

Hodson M J, Sangster AG. Subcellular localization of mineral deposits in the roots of wheat Triticum aestivum L.). Protoplasma 1989 151 19-32. 

In addition to highly variable root to shoot ratios (0.01-1.22) the use of these values is complicated by (1) ratios that are hybrid, variety, and species-specific and (2) below-ground allocations that are impacted by stress (Herbert et al. 2001 Bradford et al. 2005 Amos and Walters 2006 Johnson et al. 2006). For example, Johnson et al. (2006) used root to shoot ratios of 0.82,0.55, and 0.62 for wheat (Triticum aestivum), com, and soybean (Glycine max), respectively whereas Amos and Walters (2006) reported that root to shoot ratios increased with N and P deficiencies and decreased with increasing water stress, population, shade, and soil compaction. 

Inhibitive effects are especially influenced by amount of cover crop biomass and soil management. Weed dry matter was reduced when rye residues were greater than 3.7 Mg ha-1 (Crutchfield et al. 1985), and when wheat residues were greater than Mg ha-1 (De Almeida 1985). Fisk et al. (2001) reported that burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L.) and barrel medic (M. truncatula Gaertn.) reduced by 70% weed dry weights while weed density was not affected if were no-till seeded as winter-killed cover crops into winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stubble. 

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gand.) 2 Distinct groups - condor-derivatives more allelopathic than Pavon-derivatives Tasman, Khapli, Wattines, AUS 12627, Triller, SST 6, AUS 18060, Tunis 2, AUS 18056, Meering No 6 Lankao , No 22 Xiaoyan Wu et al. 2000 Wu et al. 2003 Zuo et al. 2007... 

Crisp TM, Clegg ED, Cooper RL, Wood WP, Anderson DG, Baeteke KP, Hoffmann JL, Morrow MS, Rodier DJ, Schaeffer JE, Touart LW, Zeeman MG, Patel YM (1998) Environmental endocrine disruption An effects assessment and analysis. Environ Health Perspect 106 11 Crutchfield DA, Wicks GA, Burnside OC (1985) Effect of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)... 

Zuo SP, Ma CYQ, Inanaga CS (2007) Allelopathy variation in dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions grown on the Loess Plateau of China for about fifty years. Genet Resour Crop Evol 54 1381-1393... 

Starch is one of the most abimdant plant polysaccharides and is a major source of carbohydrates and energy in the human diet (Zobel and Stephen, 1995). Starch is the most widely used hydrocolloid in the food industry (Wanous, 2004), and is also a widely used industrial substrate polymer. Total annual world production of starch is approximately 60 million MT and it is predicted to increase by additional approximately 10 million MT by 2010 (FAO, 2006b LMC International, 2002 S. K. Patil and Associates, 2007). Com/maize Zea mays L.), cassava (also known as tapioca—Manihot escu-lenta Crantn.), sweet potato Ipomoea batatas L.), wheat Triticum aestivum L.), and potato Solanum tuberosum L.) are the major sources of starch, while rice Oryza sativa L.), barley Hordeum vulgare L.), sago Cycas spp.), arrowroot Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kimtze), buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), etc. contribute in lesser amounts to total global production. 

Radionuelides can be also used to study the accumulation and degradation of organic pollutants. In our experiments we have followed the uptake and degradation of labelled TNT by wetland plants (Nepovim et al., 2005), and showed that about 63% of the localized in the roots of Ph. australis was bound (Fig. 6) and the remainder was acetone-extractable. An HPLC analysis of the acetone extract failed to detect any TNT, showing that all TNT had been chemically transformed. Thus TNT was not adsorbed on the root surface. In similar experiments performed in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Sens et al. (1999) found that 57% of the taken up was bound... 

Malcherek, K., Breuer, J., Schumphan, L, and Schmidt, B., 1998, Metabolism of 4-nitrophenol in asepticaly cultivated plants of the species wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), soybean Glycine max L.), wild oat Avena fatua L.) and com cockle Agrostemma githago L.). J. Plant Physiol. 153 192-199. 

Over 50 different pyridazin-3-ones were evaluated for biological activity in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) test system described previously (1). Briefly, seeds were germinated in 9-cm petri dishes on three layers of filter paper. Pyridazinones were dissolved in acetone and the filter papers were impregnated with 1 ml of acetone solution. After the soluent evaporated, 10 ml of distilled water were added to form an inhibitor concentration of 100 yM. Seeds were planted directly on the moist papers and germinated for 4 days in a controlled environment chamber on a 16-hr photoperiod with 27+lC day temperature and 21+lC night temperature. Light intensity from both fluorescent and incandescent bulbs was 28 klux at dish level. Lipids were extracted and recovered from 1 g of lyophilized shoot tissue, separated into membrane and non-membrane lipids, and analyzed by gas chromatography as described (1). 

When subjected to drought stress, excised wheat Triticum aestivum L.) leaves increase ethylene production as a result of an increased synthesis of ACC 71 and an increased activity of the ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) which catalyzes the conversion of ACC 71 to ethylene. Rehydratation to relieve water stress reduces EFE activity to levels similar to those in non-stressed tissue. Pretreatment of the leaves with N-benzyladenine (BA) 75 or indole-3-acetic acid lAA 76 prior to drought stress caused further increase in ethylene production. Conversely, pretreatment of wheat leaves with abscisic acid ABA 77 reduced ethylene production to levels of non-stressed leaves, accompanied by a decrease in ACC 71 content, Eq. (29). 

Larran S et al.. Isolation and analysis of endophytic microorganisms in wheat Triticum aestivum L.) leaves, WorldJMicrobiol Biotechnol 18 683—686, 2002. 

To identify ferulic acid, Liebl and Worsham ( ) used weed species in their bioassays that were actually growing in association with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the environment. Thus, there is diversity in terms of which plant species are used in bioassays to indicate biological activity. 

In addition to ester-linkages, hydroxycinnamic acids can also be covalently linked to cell wall components via phenyl ether bonds. While this has only been demonstrated for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw lignin... 

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