Growth reduction

There are costs associated with loss of visibility and solar energy. These include increased need for artificial illumination and heating delays, disruptions, and accidents involving air, water, and land traffic vegetation growth reduction associated with reduced photosynthesis and commercial losses associated with the decreased attractiveness of a dingy communiW... 

Above indicated concentrations are maximum tolerated values in soil-water without yield or vegetative growth reduction... 

Several aspects should be considered in the selection of appropriate Pt precursors. Solubility of precursor is important as this parameter determines how well a precursor can be dissolved in a given solvent so as to facilitate the nucleation and growth. Reduction potential is another parameter, which governs the ease with which the precursor can be reduced to Pt metal. Finally, the thermal stability of the precursor partly determines the reaction temperature for the formation of Pt nanoparticles. 

Tissue AOPP Cone. (mM) Growth reduction (%) Secondary compound and % reduction Reference ... 

Maas FM, De Kok LJ. 1988. In vitro NADH oxidation as an early indicator for growth reduction of spinach exposed to hydrogen sulfide in the ambient air. Plant Cell Physiol 29 523-526. 

Belanger, S.E., J.L. Farris, D.S. Cherry, and J. Cairns, Jr. 1990. Validation of Corbiculafluminea growth reductions induced by copper in artificial streams and river systems. Can. Jour. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 47 904-914. 

Marine alga, Prorocentrum mariae-lebouriae 3.3 50% growth reduction in 5 days at 0.75% salinity 6... 

Alga, Ankistrodesmus falcatus 14 50% growth reduction in 8 days 3... 

M. edulis, larvae 0.24 Growth reduction after 45 days 12, 14... 

O. mykiss 0.5 or 2.0 Exposure of 3-week-old hatchlings for 21 days. Dose-dependent increase in TBT accumulation and growth reduction. Treated fish had greater swimming stamina than controls but lacked circular orientation typical of controls. TBT tissue concentrations in head and body at 21 days ranged from 1.5-2.0 mg/kg FW vs. 0.05-0.11 in controls 46... 

Growth reduction of 30% (Gonzalez-Murua etal. 1985) Photosynthesis reduced 30%, but no effect on growth (Lay et al. 1984) Growth reduction 90% of atrazine passively accumulated within 1 h (Veber et al. 1981)... 

Increased mortality, tremors, growth reduction elevated incidence of thyroid neoplasms and malignancies in all treated animals, but no hepatocellular carcinomas (IARC 1979 USEPA 1988)... 

Increased respiration rate in 4 days, growth reduction and liver damage in 9 days, abnormal oocyte development and reduced spermatogonia production in 18-20 days 2... 

Growth reduction of 56-86% for young of year held in large enclosures for 3 months — attributed to reduction in food items 51... 

Growth reduction in 28-day exposure LC50 (96 h), flowthrough assay... 

Paraquat adsorbed to soils is usually unavailable to crops. In the case of wheat (Triticum aestivum), effects from contaminated soils were negligible until soil residues surpassed 600 to 1000 kg/ha, causing growth reduction of 10%, or 1650 kg/ha, causing elevated residues in leaves but not in grain (Moyer and Lindwall 1985). 

American oyster, Crassostrea virginica >1.0 50% growth reduction in 96 h 6... 

M. salmoides 25.2 Growth reduction after exposure for 52 days 38... 

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