Water uranium-contaminated

Shanklin DE, Sidle WC, Ferguson ME (1995) Micro-purge low-flow sampling of uranium-contaminated ground-water at the Femald environmental management project. Ground Water Monitor Remediat 15 168-176... 

An SGS was used to segregate uranium-contaminated soil at the ER Site 16 Concrete Dump Site at the DOE s Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The actual cost of the full-scale remediation was 164,109, including 59,326 for mobilization, 57,770 for operations, and 47,013 for demobilization. Based on the 661.8 yd of soil processed, the unit cost of the operation was 236/yd. Site preparation, crane operation, oversight labor, health physics support, water supply, sample analysis, and waste disposal were not included in the actual or unit costs (D21040S, p. 74 D21233Z, pp. 12, 13). 

Raicevic, S. 2001. Remediation of uranium contaminated water and soil using phosphate-induced metal stabilization (PIMS). Hemijska Industrija, 55, 277-280. 

The actinides (Th, Pa, U) are the three naturally occurring elements with the highest atomic masses. None of these three has a stable isotope, which makes Th and Pa rare elements in the Earth s crust and sea water. In contrast, the uranium concentration in sea water is 12.6 nM, present as U(VI) in an oxyanionic soluble form. This oxyanion may serve as an electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration in bacteria (Lovley et al. 1991, Payne et al. 2002, Holmes et al. 2002). The resulting U(IV) is insoluble and can be precipitated by microbial cells (Yong and Macaskie 1998), which in turn opens up a biotechnological route for the bioremediation of uranium-contaminated environments. 

DU has the greatest potential to cause health effects when it enters the body by injection of fragments through wounds, inhalation of dust, ingestion of particles directly or in contaminated food, soil and water, wonnd contamination by DU dust and dermal absorption through external exposure to DU metal. Inhalation or ingestion of some uranium leads to internal contamination, which could result in radiation doses to the body. 

The uranium content in plants and mushrooms grown on a uranium-contaminated site in Germany was determined by ICPMS (Baumann et al. 2014). All samples were sent to the laboratory immediately after collection and processed there. First, the samples were rinsed with deionized water and then cut with a knife and separated into liquid sap and solid residue by centrifugation. Birch leaves were hacked by a food processor and centrifuged, but the amount of sap was not always sufficient for analysis. The residues were digested in a closed Teflon vessel in a microwave oven for half an hour. The uranium content in the sap and digested samples was determined by ICPMS. Some samples were also analyzed by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (TREES) in a He-cryostat that is suitable for speciation studies. 

Uranium Content ( ig kg ) in Pbtato Tubers (Unpeeled and Peeled) and Aerial Parts Grown in Three Types of Soil (A, B, and C) and Irrigated with Noncontaminated Water (NCW), Contaminated Water (CW), and Tap Water (TP)... 

Neves, O. and Abreu, M.M. (2009). Are uranium-contaminated soil and irrigation water a risk for human vegetable consumers A study case with Solanum tuberosum, Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Lactuca sativa L., Ecotoxicology 18, 1130-1136. 

Chattanathan, S.A., Clement, T.P., Kanel, S.R., Barnett, M.O. Chatakondi, N. (2013) Remediation of uranium-contaminated groundwater by sorption onto hydroxyapatite derived from catfish bones. Water, Air, Soil Pollution, 224,1-9. 

Kryvoruohko, A.P., Yurlova, L.Y. Yatsik, B.P. (2013) Influence of the structure of anionic surfactants on ultra and nanofiltration treatment of uranium-contaminated waters. Radiochemistry, 55, 123-128. 

Although the process requires the addition of a phosphate donor, such as glycerol-2-phosphate, it may be a valuable tool for cleaning water contaminated with radionuchdes. An alternative mode of uranium precipitation is driven by sulfate-reducing bacteria such as Desulfovibrio desulfuricans which reduce U(VI) to insoluble U(IV). When combined with bicarbonate extraction of contaminated soil, this may provide an effective treatment for removing uranium from contaminated soil (85). 

Metals which are subject to oxidation or attack by nitrogen can be sprayed in a closed system so that air is exluded. The heat necessary to melt the wire is produced by current generated in the wire itself by high-frequency currents flowing in small water-cooled coils. By this means, titanium, niobium and even uranium, can be sprayed without gaseous contamination. 

Dust created by mining and milling activities blown by the wind from ore stockpiles is a potential source of environmental contamination. The watering of stockpiles or erection of enclosures is resorted to when necessary in order to prevent the spread of dust. Where ventilation systems collect significant amounts of uranium dust in mills, scrubbers are used to remove the dust from the air before it is discharged to the environment. 

In general, radium - a decay product of uranium - is the critical contaminant which controls the suitability for release of the treated water. Radium is relatively easily removed from water. 

Most water systems are required to monitor for radioactivity and certain radionuclides, and to meet maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for these contaminants, to comply with the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Currently, USEPA requires drinking water to meet MCLs for beta/photon emitters (includes gamma radiation), alpha particles, combined radium 226/228, and uranium. However, this monitoring is required only at entry points into the system. In addition, after the initial sampling requirements, only one sample is required every three to nine years, depending on the contaminant type and the initial concentrations. 

Hermann, E., DulUes, F., Griebel, I., and KieBig, G., 2001, Filter material and process for the removal of heavy metals, arsenic, uranium, and radium from contaminated waters, Patents Pending DE 101 16 951, DE 101 16 953 (2001). 

Burris DR, McIntyre G (1986) Solution of hydrocarbons in a hydrocarbon-water system with changing phase composition due to evaporation. Environ Sci Technol 20 296-299 Catalano JG, McKinley JP, Zachara JM, Heald SM, Smith SC, Brown Jr. GE (2006) Changes in uranium speciation through a depth sequence of contaminated Hanford sediments. Environ Sci Technol 40 2517-2524... 

VOCs), uranium, and heavy metals. There has been extensive research on various materials for use in PRBs. Metal-based PRBs are common because the reactive material is commercially available at low costs and has been effective on a variety of contaminants. Metal-based PRBs act as selective filters to contaminants and are being developed in response to the need for effective, low-cost technologies to remediate contaminated subsurface environments. The barriers are permeable to water and nontargeted groundwater constituents and impermeable or destructive to the target contaminant(s). 

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