Uranium speciation

Burris DR, McIntyre G (1986) Solution of hydrocarbons in a hydrocarbon-water system with changing phase composition due to evaporation. Environ Sci Technol 20 296-299 Catalano JG, McKinley JP, Zachara JM, Heald SM, Smith SC, Brown Jr. GE (2006) Changes in uranium speciation through a depth sequence of contaminated Hanford sediments. Environ Sci Technol 40 2517-2524... 

Allen, P. G., Berg, J. M. et al. 1994. Determining Uranium Speciation in Femald Soil by Molecular Spectroscopic Methods. Los Alamos National Laboratory Report, LA-12799-PR. 

Carriere, M., Avoscan, L., Collins, R., Carrot, F., Khodja, H., Ansoborlo, E., Gouget, B. (2004). Influence of uranium speciation on normal rat kidney (NRK-52E) proximal cell c 4otoxicity. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 17 446-52. 

A variety of methods have been used to characterize the solubility-limiting radionuclide solids and the nature of sorbed species at the solid/water interface in experimental studies. Electron microscopy and standard X-ray diffraction techniques can be used to identify some of the solids from precipitation experiments. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) can be used to obtain structural information on solids and is particularly useful for investigating noncrystalline and polymeric actinide compounds that cannot be characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (Silva and Nitsche, 1995). X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) can provide information about the oxidation state and local structure of actinides in solution, solids, or at the solution/ solid interface. For example, Bertsch et al. (1994) used this technique to investigate uranium speciation in soils and sediments at uranium processing facilities. Many of the surface spectroscopic techniques have been reviewed recently by Bertsch and Hunter (2001) and Brown et al. (1999). Specihc recent applications of the spectroscopic techniques to radionuclides are described by Runde et al. (2002b). Rai and co-workers have carried out a number of experimental studies of the solubility and speciation of plutonium, neptunium, americium, and uranium that illustrate combinations of various solution and spectroscopic techniques (Rai et al, 1980, 1997, 1998 Felmy et al, 1989, 1990 Xia et al., 2001). 

Bernhard G., Geipel G., Brendler V., and Nitsche H. (1998) Uranium speciation in waters of different uranium mining areas. J. Alloy. Comp. 271, 201-205. 

Unsworth E. R., Jones P., and Hill S. J. (2002) The effect of thermodynamic data on computer model predictions of uranium speciation in natural water systems. J. Environ. Moniter. 4, 528—532. 

Uranium solubility is increased even more in the nitrate microcosms, and one possible explanation is the conversion of acetate to CO2, coupled with nitrate reduction, which would give higher dissolved carbonate concentrations in the nitrate microcosms. However, PHREEQE modelling showed that the higher CO concentration would not greatly affect uranium speciation in solution and is therefore unlikely to account for the enhanced solubility. Alternatively, as nitrate is reduced to ammonium (NH/), which promotes cation exchange, this could lead to displacement of U02 from surface complexes, which are the predominant uranyl species on mineral surfaces. " ... 

BinsteadN (1998) EXCURV98 Program. CLRC Daresbuiy Laboratory, Warrington, UK Biwer BM, Soderholm L, Greegor RB, Lytle FW (1997) Uranium speciation in glass corrosion layers an XAFS study. Mat Res Soc Symp Proc 465(Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XX) 229-236... 

U. Berner, A Thermodynamic Desalption of the Evolution of Pore Water Chemistry and Uranium Speciation During the Degradation of Cement, PSl-Bericht No. 62, 1990. 

Ebbs S, Brady D, Norvell W, Kochian L (2000) Uranium speciation, plant uptake, and phytoremediation. Env Pipeline Eng 446 74... 

Sandino, A. and Bruno, J. (1992) The solubility of (U02)3(P0 )2-4H20(s) and the formation of U(V1) phosphate complexes their influence in uranium speciation in natural waters. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 56, 4135-4145. 

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