Respiration anaerobic

Respiration, or biological oxidation, is the use of oxygen as an electron receptor in the cataboHc degradation of an organic and can occur either aerobically or anaerobically. Aerobic respiration uses free oxygen as an electron receptor whereas anaerobic respiration uses inorganic oxygen. In both cases, however, water and carbon dioxide are the principal end products. 

Anaerobic respiration Metabolic process whereby electrons are transferred from an organic, or in some cases, inorganic compounds to an inorganic acceptor molecule other than oxygen. The most common acceptors are nitrate, sulfate, and carbonate. 

Obligate aerobe Bacteria which require the presense of oxygen, such as Pseudomonas flourescens. A few strains of this species are capable of utilizing nitrate to allow anaerobic respiration. 

Coates JD, KA Cole, R Chakraborty, SM O Connor, LA Achenbach (2002) Diversity and ubiquity of bacteria capable of utilizing humic substances as electron donors for anaerobic respiration. Appl Environ Microbiol 68 2445-2452. 

Lie TJ, T Pitta, ER Leadbetter, W Godchaux, JR Leadbetter (1996) Sulfonates novel electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration. Arch Microbiol 166 204-210. 

Macy JM, S Rech, G Auling, M Dorsch, E Stackebrandt, LI Sly (1993) Thauera selenatis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the beta subclass of Proteobacteria with a novel type of anaerobic respiration. Int J Syst Bacteriol 43 135-142. 

Laue H, K Denger, AM Cook (1997b) Taurine reduction in anaerobic respiration of Bilophila wadsworthia KLPd. Appl Environ Microbiol 63 2016-2021. 

Moodie AD, Ingledew WJ. 1990. Microbial anaerobic respiration. AdvMicrob Physiol 31 225. 

Anaerobic respiration, in which sulfate or nitrate serves as the terminal electron acceptor... 

Ehrlich, H.L., Manganese oxide reduction as a form of anaerobic respiration, Geomicrobiol. J., 5, 423-429, 1987... 

In the case of fermentation, the carbon and energy source is broken down by a series of enzyme-mediated reactions that do not involve an electron transport chain. In aerobic respiration, the carbon and energy source is broken down by a series of enzyme-mediated reactions in which oxygen serves as an external electron acceptor. In anaerobic respiration, the carbon and energy source is broken down by a series of enzyme-mediated reactions in which sulfates, nitrates, and carbon dioxide serve... 

The bacterium Pseudomonas denitrificans is capable of this kind of metabolism utilizing nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor rather than oxygen. This bacterium can use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor if it is available, and aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration. 

Nealson KH, Saffarini D (1994) Iron and manganese in anaerobic respiration environmental significance, phylogeny, and regulation. Ann Rev Microbio 48 311-343 Nealson KH, Stahl DA (1997) Microorganisms and biogeochemical cycles what can we learn from layered microbial communities Rev Mineral 35 5-34... 

Hydrogenase isoenzymes are also common among the metabolically more versatile bacteria (see Chapter 2). For instance, H2 metabolism and isoenzyme composition in enteric bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, appear to be differentially regulated under the two modes of anaerobic life, fermentation and anaerobic respiration (Table 3.1). Furthermore, biosynthesis of the individual isoenzymes appears to be controlled at a global level by the quality of the carbon source. 

D-proline reductase Anaerobic respiration Clostridium sticklandii 104, 105... 

Nealson KH, Saffarini D. 1994. Iron and manganese in anaerobic respiration Environmental significance, physiology and regulation. Annu Rev Microbiol 48 311 3. 

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