Water Framework Directive WFD

European Water Policy has undergone a thorough restructuring process, which has ultimately culminated with the approval by the European Parliament of the so-called Water Framework Directive (WFD) (Directive 2000/60/EC) [1],... 

Soil-sediment-groundwater-related issues, as experienced in River Basin practise, including those related to implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and Groundwater Daughter Directive (GWDD)... 

The European Union (EU) environmental policy has put water protection and its sustainable management high on its agenda, reflected by the European Water Framework Directive (WFD), which is now in its implementation phase. 

A range of other data is often required when deriving aquatic EQS values, particularly when deriving AA-EQSs. Examples of the data required by the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) are shown in Table 4.3. Most of these are also required under other jurisdictions. 

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is certainly the first EU legislative instrument which requires a systematic monitoring of biological, chemical and quantitative parameters in European waters on such a wide geographical scale (European Commission, 2000). The principles are fixed in the legislative text and exchanges of information... 

The adoption of the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) has set new requirements for water quality monitoring in Europe. Innovative tools could play a main role in the design and implementation of operational, surveillance and investigative monitoring as described by WFD. Moreover, the monitoring requirements for successfully implementing the WFD will directly depend upon available measurement techniques of demonstrated quality, which will be able to deliver reliable data at an affordable cost. 

Despite all of these obstacles, the development of immunochemical methods has continued over the last two decades, and in many cases they have proved to be fast, cost-effective, easy to use and fit for purpose technologies, that can make an important contribution in the field of environmental analysis. This chapter provides a brief description of the basics and principles of immunoassay, together with a selection of examples of environmental applications, especially with respect to the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD). 

Monitoring surface water, ground water, seawater, effluents and drinking water for toxic compounds is traditionally carried out by discrete (spot) sampling that is followed by chemical analysis in the laboratory. This provides qualitative and quantitative information on specific analytes, in Europe often focused on the priority substances defined by the EC Water Framework Directive, WFD (European Commission, 2000). Although... 

Table 3.6.2 Assessment classes for Nucella lapillus Vas Deferens Sequence Index (VDSI) used in the OSPAR monitoring guideline (OSPAR agreement 2004-15) and the equivalent impact category for assessment in the Water Framework Directive (WFD)...

The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) is probably the most significant legislation in the water field that has been introduced on an international basis for many years. The directive has a broad view of water management and aims to ensure the prevention of any further deterioration of all water bodies, as well as the protection and enhancement of the status of aquatic ecosystems. Its implementation based on the... 

In the last years different other biotic indices have been designed to assess the ecological quality of coastal waters. The development of biological indicators as a tool for the assessment and hence protection of biological diversity in European coastal and marine ecosystems has been advanced due to the implementation of the Habitats Directive and the Water Framework Directive (WFD). 

Further on, the protection of the fresh water systems is a big challenge also for the politics not only of the individual nations but also of the European Union. As a first result of EU-activities the Water Framework Directive (WFD) was introduced in 2002 in order to organise and optimise the national activities in the field of water science and technology (s.a. Irmer 2000). 

The EC Water Framework Directive (WFD) essentially combines the efforts in protecting gronndwater and all surface waters on land and in the territorial waters of the EU Member States, and therefore also transitional and coastal marine waters. As a result. 

Directive 2000/60/EC, Establishing a framework for community action in the field of water pohcy (the Water Framework Directive - WFD), Brussels, Belgium. 

The Water Framework Directive (WFD), formally the Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 (European Community,... 

Developed under Article 17 of the Water Framework Directive (WFD), the new European Groundwater Directive (GWD) sets out criteria for assessing the chemical status of groundwater bodies. In accordance with an analysis of pressures and... 

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