Coastal and marine waters

De Souza Sierra, M.M., Donard, O.F.X., Lamotte, M., Belin, C. et al. 1994. Fluorescence spectroscopy of coastal and marine waters. Marine Chemistry, 47, 127-44. 

Surface water can be defined as any river, lake, stream, pond, marsh, or wetland as ice and snow and as transitional, coastal, and marine water naturally open to the atmosphere. Major matrix properties, distinguishing water types from each other, are hard and soft water, and saline and freshwater. Groundwater is typically defined as water that can be found in the saturated zone of the soil. Groundwater slowly moves from places with high elevation and pressure to places with low elevation and pressure, such as rivers and lakes. Partitioning interactions of the groundwater with the solid soil matrix is an important factor influencing the fate of toxicants. Physicochemical properties of water that may affect toxicity of chemicals in all water types are listed in Table 2.2. 

In the final year of the program, more specialized courses should be offered in aquatic processes, coastal and marine waters, enviromnental management, and terrestrial environment. For example, a student in the EnE track must successfully complete three courses from the specialized elective courses. Examples of these courses could be ... 

Gardner MJ (1987) UK Analytical Quality Control for Trace Metals in the Coastal and Marine Environment, the Determination of Cadmium. Report PRS 1516-M, Water Res Centre, Medmenham, UK... 

Fig. 6.4.2. Mean concentrations of SAgPEO and NP in sediments and particulate matter collected in freshwater in The Netherlands and marine water from the Dutch coastal zone of the North Sea. For further explanation, see text (source de Voogt et al. [14]). 

Several specific studies have been made on the LAS transport processes in a variety of different estuarine and marine environmental compartments (e.g. LAS removal by biodegradation and/or adsorption), including the flux of LAS from freshwater to a coastal environment [3,6, 29,40]. However, a complete study of LAS behaviour requires knowledge of their primary biodegradation intermediates, SPC, that have been detected in different laboratory tests [15,36,37], Their existence in fresh-water [2,13] and marine water [5] has been demonstrated recently. 

We would like to acknowledge the valuable eontribution of the laboratory personnel at the Directorate-General of Public Works and Water Management s (RWS) National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management (RIKZ) for the TBT analyses. The authors wish to express their gratitude to Johan Jol (IMARES) for his invaluable support in conducting the fieldwork. Ivoime Rietjens and Tinka Murk (WUR) are thanked for their critical review of a first version of the manuscript. 

Monitoring of changes in the radioecological situation around each radiation-hazardous enterprise is the main methodic principle of information survey. Measurements, which frequency and scope depend on location and specific condition of every environmental contamination source, are conducted as follows monitoring of seawater, aerosols - every day dry land, atmospheric depositions - every week drinking water - every month coastal and marine vegetation, fish, benthos - once a year. 

Bolhnann, U.E., Moller, A., Xie, Z. Occurrence and fate of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in coastal and marine surface waters. Water Res. 46, 531 (2012)... 

Bryceson, I. (1980). Nitrogen fixation and autecology of Oscillatoria erythraea (Ehrenberg) Kuetzing, a planktonic cyanophyte from the coastal waters of Tanzania A preliminary investigation. In Symposium on Coastal and Marine Environment of the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and tropical western Indian Ocean. Karotoum, Sudan. 

In the last years different other biotic indices have been designed to assess the ecological quality of coastal waters. The development of biological indicators as a tool for the assessment and hence protection of biological diversity in European coastal and marine ecosystems has been advanced due to the implementation of the Habitats Directive and the Water Framework Directive (WFD). 

Little work has been done to compare the nature of ligands in riverine, estuarine, and coastal waters. Preston (1979) found similar selectivity coefficients for copper with humic compounds isolated from different salinity regimes of the Tamar estuary. His results are made uncertain by lack of knowledge of the molecular weights of the compounds, but it appeared that the selectivity for copper decreased with increasing salinity. The stability constant data of Mantoura et al. (1978) also show similar selectivities for copper by aquatic humic substances from river, lake, and marine waters, which would imply that little variation in selectivities should be found along an estuarine salinity gradient. 

This chapter summarizes the major environmental sources of marine water pollution in the Asian region, marine water chemistry and its changes under an increasing pollution load. We will discuss also the consequences of seawater pollution to various coastal and marine ecosystems in Asia. 

Hopkinson, C. S. and J. W. Day, Jr. 1979. Aquatic productivity and water quality at the upland-estuary interface in Barataria Basin, Louisiana. In R. Livingston (ed.) Ecological Processes in Coastal and Marine Systems. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 291-314. 

Zinc is used for cathodic protection in freshwater and marine water. Zinc is especially well suited for cathodic protection on ships that move between salt water and harbors in brackish rivers or estuaries. Zinc anodes also are used to protect ballast tanks, heat exchanger, and many mechanical components on ships, coastal power plants, and similar structures. 

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