Separation equipment, waste

When a mixture of compounds is to be treated, more limitations may be placed upon the selection of a suitable abatement method. There may be several compounds in the waste gas, some being unsuitable to one method, while others are unsuitable to another method. In such cases, thermal incineration may be the best solution. When recovering mixtures, additional separation equipment may be needed for recycling the reclaimed compounds. 

ANL claims the technology is promising because radionuclides are separated from waste streams by a simple, compact, cost-effective process that does not produce large secondary waste streams. The MACS process is intended to reduce the complexity of equipment when compared to solvent extraction and ion exchange techniques, and to facilitate scale-up due to the systems inherent simplicity. 

The vendor claims that the BWTP system uses existing physical separation equipment to partition wastes. BWTP results in no additional toxic chemical being brought on-site and no discharge of toxic chemicals off-site. The vendor claims that up to 80% of the source material can be removed as products that can be recycled. The remaining material is stabilized for on-site disposal. 

The reactor is the heart of a chemical plant. More often than not, by-products are generated along with the desired products. The by-products require separation equipment and usually recycle streams. Often the waste streams are substantial and require large investments to increase the productivity and to reduce the negative impact on the environment. 

Post seilite washing. The purified TNT is treated continuously in a washing system with pure water. The washers are equipped with dynamic separators. The waste water is transferred to Seilite purification. The washed TNT is transferred either in water emulsion or in molten form to the drying unit. 

Vesd/ire washing. TNT is continuously washed, in several washing vessels, by pure water to remove the acids. The washers are equipped with dynamic separators. The waste water, known as Yellow Water is either sent to the washing system or to the absorbers, retaining the acids and organic products. 

The factors that must be taken into account in the selection of the equipment and, consequently, for efficient waste separation, are waste characteristics (particle size, waste stream composition, waste components density, moisture content, tendency for aggregation, etc.), products specifications, design parameters, and space requirements. The various types of air separators (air concentrators, Stoners) are the most widely used equipment. Heavy media separators are also used in some cases. 

Separation processes are of central importance in the chemical industry. Appropriate choice and efficient design of separation equipment is essential because it represents a large proportion of the capital and operating costs of a plant. The vinyl acetate flowsheet in Figure 7.2 is almost entirely concerned with separation of the reaction products—this is typical of very many processes. Whenever there is incomplete conversion in a reactor a separation followed by recycle may be necessary. Toxic substances in waste streams must often be removed in order to meet legal requirements. The availability of suitable separation processes is, therefore, crucial when considering the feasibility of any new chemical process. 

Technolo es for Recycling Post-Consumer Mixed Plastics—Plastic Lumber Production, Emerging Separation Technologies, Waste Plastic Handlers and Equipment Manufacturers, prepared by Bruce A. Hegberg, Gary R. Brenniman and William H. Hallenbeck of the University of Illinois Center for Solid Waste Management and Research for the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources, Office of Solid Waste and Renewable Resources, March 1991. 

Switzerland Within the framework of the CAPRA project, the fuel option for amplified plutonium consumption is being studied. In the area of materials for actinide transmutation, the following tasks has been completed in 1994 (1) preparatory experiments and solubility tests for (Ui, PUJ O2 (0.25 < x < 0.65 and for (Uj., PU,J N (0.25 < x< 0.75), as possible materials for the efficient fission of plutonium in a fast neutron flux (2) fabrication of pure PuN-microspheres for ceramic-metal fuel (3) design calculations for sphere-pac segments, based on the idea of a ceramic-metal fiiel (4) material preparation of (U, Zr) N and pelletization tests of TiN and (U, Zr)N for the irradiation experiment in the reactor PHENIX (5) experimental preparations of (Ce,U) O2, (Ce,U,Pu)02 and (Ce, PU)02 for the CAPRA core with lower Pu content, and (6) cleaning of americium from waste streams of the plutonium separation equipment (extraction chromatography). 

Cleaning of Americium from waste streams of the Plutonium separation equipment (extraction chromatography)... 

Low-temperature operation, which means low corrosion rates, and often the use of less costly alloys compared to evaporation-based separations. The low-temperatirre operation also means little or no product degradation, which for heat-sensitive materials may be cnicial. There is no formation of tars, which represent a yield loss, a severe waste disposal problem, and usually requires additional separation equipment and energy for the tar removal in order to give the desired product color. 

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