Separation of waste

Employ additional separation of waste streams to allow increased recovery. 

Additional reaction and separation of waste streams. Sometimes it is possible to cany out further reaction as well as separation on waste streams. Some examples have already been discussed in Chap. 4. 

Following biological degradation, the extract is exposed to photochemical degradation, which removes uranium from solution as polyuranate. The metals and uranium are captured in separate treatment steps, allowing for the separation of wastes into radioactive and nonradioactive waste streams. This treatment process does not create additional hazardous wastes and allows for the reuse of the contaminated soil. The technology has been the subject of bench-scale tests and is not currently commercially available. 

Rozman K. 1984. Separation of wasting syndrome and lethality caused by 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin. Toxicol Lett 22 279-285. 

SEPARATION OF WASTE FROM GROUNDWATER Does the estimated depth to the water table imply a high or low risk for contamination or leachate production. Relate to permeability and gradient factors. 

Ideally we would like to reuse plastic waste to form directly new plastic products, but mechanical reprocessing of used plastics into new products has so far limited application. It is restricted to the treatment of relatively pure and well-defined waste, mainly from polymer processing factories. Mechanical reprocessing of municipal plastic waste results in new products of quality inferior to their virgin plastic ones. Separation of waste to streams of the same polymer type on the other hand is still very expensive. This fact restricts the applicability of mechanical reprocessing in polymer waste that is homogeneous in type and properties. 

Separation of waste components containing large particles, filtration, centrifugation, or flotation may be used. Flocculation is carried out for colloidal systems. Removal of volatiles can be carried out by distillation or evaporation. 

Electrostatic separation can be used to separate waste particles not contacting electricity (e.g., paper, plastic, glass, etc.) from conductors (e.g., metals) or nonconductors from each other, based on differences in their electrical conductivity. In addition to particles conductivity, electrostatic separation is also influenced by particle density, size, moisture, and purity of particles surface. Consequently, separation of waste particles is achieved under the action of electrical as well as gravity or centrifugal forces. 

If large quantities are used for technical processes, e.g. for cleaning, the recovery and reuse of the microemulsion or at least of a considerable amount of the most expensive components is desired. Therefore, strategies are needed to separate contaminants from the organic microemulsion components. Separation is usually more complicated than from ordinary solvents and often requires several steps [39, 40]. In particular, the separation of waste materials from the surfactants is usually very difficult or often even impossible. The temperature-dependent phase behaviour of bicontinuous microemulsions, however, can sometimes be beneficially used for separation [41]. Easy separation, at least from the unpolar solvent, can be achieved from microemulsions with supercritical liquids [42]. 

Economic - Cost savings by means of recyclate use - Reliable regional material sources and no dependence on international raw materials markets - Dismantling and processing of old products more expensive than new products - Separation of waste fractions increase recycling cost - Political framework cannot enforce economical solutions... 

Other waste reduction can be realized by the better production scheduling, use of dry filters in the spray booth, prevention of leakage from the spray gun, separation of wastes, and recycling of solvents by distillation. 

Section 1926.25 requires that containers be provided for the collection and separation of waste. This includes containers for sharps and other waste which may be generated from rendering medical assistance. 

B) Treatment of fat with definite amount of alkali and no separation of waste lye. 

B) Treatment of Fat with Definite Amount of Alkali and no Separation of Waste Lye.—Cold-process soap is a type of this class, and its method of production is based upon the characteristic property which the glycerides of the-lower fatty acids (members of the cocoa-nut -oil class) possess of readily combining with a strong caustic soda solution at a low temperature, and evolving sufficient heat to complete the saponification. 

C) Treatment of Fat with Indefinite Amount of Alkali a nd no Separation of Waste Lye,—Soft soap is representative of this class. The vegetable fluid oils (linseed, olive, cotton-seed, maize) are for the most part used in making this soap, though occasionally bone fats and tallow are employed. Bosin is sometimes added, the proportion ranging, according to the grade of soap required, from 5 to 15 per cent, of the fatty matter. 

D) Treatment of Fat with Indefinite Amount of Alkali and Separation of Waste Lye.—This is the most general method of soapmaking. The various operations are —... 

Off-Site Recycle Off-site recycle is the separation of waste, the transfer of the waste off-site, followed by its conversion to a useful product at another facility. The definition of another facility may include a different part of the same chemical plant. 

Waste Tteatment Waste treatment involves separation of waste generated in the process... 

Work on the introduction of EMS was pursued at the nurseries during 1997. Certification according to ISO 14001 is expected to be obtained in the first haif of 1998. Environmental policies, objectives, and action programs were prepared for the units environmental work Minimizing the consumption of input materials m production, source separation of waste, and reducing the transport volume by means of more efficient packagirtg technology are examples of environmental objectives at the nurseries. 

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