Waste management principles

The U.K. nuclear industry has used, from the start of its operations, extremely high standards of containment of radioactive materials and radiation protection, and consequently, now has a safety record which is second to that of no other comparable industrial activity. That waste management operations in the nuclear field share this exemplary record is the result of the cautious development of sound waste management principles and practices that have been introduced carefully at a rate which has ensured that the techniques employed have been tested and proved adequately before being operated (9). Chemical engineering principles and equipment have been used extensively and have made a major contribution to the achievement of safe and acceptable practices. 

Because most decontamination equipment is applied from other industries, considerations such as cross contamination and waste generation have not been factored into the design and are not compatible with PCB waste management principles. Care must be taken in the selection of decontamination technologies to ensure that waste volume is minimized where possible and cross contamination does not occur or can be controlled to acceptable levels. 

The treatment of these issues will be discussed jointly with the health, safety and environment (HSE) departments within the company and with the process and facilities engineers, and their treatment should be designed in conjunction with an environmental impact assessment. Some of the important basic principles for waste management are to ... 

FIG. 25-71 Vents used to control tlie lateral movement of gases in landfills, (a) Cell, (h) Barrier, (c) Well. From G. Tchohanoglous, H. Theisen, and R. Eliassen, Solid Wastes Engineering Principles and Management Issues, McGraw-Hill, New Yor k, 1977. )... 

Evaluated systems were modelled with the cradle to gate principle, thus the product system of particular foods was terminated at the point of entry into the school canteen. The following presentation of food and related activities, as well as waste management of the product and its packaging materials were not included in the LCA. One kg of the final food was selected as a functional unit. In the case the allocation was necessary, the weight-economic allocation was used. 

Radioactive waste management is a quite mature field of application of basic geoscientific disciplines. As we will discuss in forthcoming sections, the long-term performance and henceforth the safety of radioactive waste disposal systems, deeply relies on the basic principles that control the release, mobility, and transport of the chemical elements in the geosphere. In the context of radioactive waste disposal, the waste matrix constitutes the innermost of the barriers that may control the release and ulterior transport of radionuclides through the ground-water systems. 

Such incongruities only serve to confuse the public (Wiltshire and Dow, 1995), and this confusion leads to mistrust that is manifest in unwarranted obstruction of the facilities and activities required to manage hazardous wastes. A straightforward, consistent system based on a few simple principles would serve to make waste classification and approaches to waste management more transparent and understandable. 

Commitment of the laboratory director or chief executive to the principles and practice of good waste management. 

General rules for P2 follow the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 13101-13109) and are applicable to any manufacturing activity. This act clearly identifies the waste management hierarchy, and we list them in Table 6.1 for completeness. The P2 Hierarchy specific to a chemical process is derived from this set of principles. 

Wastes Engineering Principles and Management Issues, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1977. 

Adapted from G. Tchobanoglous, H. Theisen, and R. Eliassen, Solid Wastes Engineering Principles and Management Issues, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1977. 

This report sets out the future objectives of the Vinyl 2010 - Voluntary Commitment of the PVC Industry. Principles and actions covering the period 2000-2010 apply to the following PVC manufacture, Additives-plasticisers and stabilisers waste management social progress and dialogue management, monitoring and financial scheme. 

Tchobanoglons, G., Theisen, H., and Vigil, S.A. 1993. Integrated Solid Waste Management, Engineering Principles and Management Issues. New York McGraw-Hill. 

Dhawale, S. W. Introducing the Treatment of Waste and Wastewater in the General Chemistry Course—Applying Physical and Chemical Principles to the Problems of Waste Management, J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 395-397. 

RADWASS has been organized in a hierarchical structure of four levels of safety documents. The top-level publication is a document of safety fundamentals which provides the basic safety objectives and fundamental principles to be followed in national waste management programmes. The lower levels include safety standards, safety guides, and safety practice documents. The series has been structured in a logical and clear manner to reflect the systems approach to waste management. 

Safety Series No. Ill The Principles of Radioactive Waste Management (1995). 

Safety Series No. 79 Design of Radioactive Waste Management Systems at Nuclear Power Plants (1986). Safety Series No. 90 The Application of the Principles for Limiting Releases of Radioactive Effluents in the Case of the Mining and Milling of Radioactive Ores (1989). 

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