Pacific Northwest Laboratories

G. J. Lumetta, Pretreatment of Neutralised Cladding Removal Waste Sludge, PNL-9747, BatteUe Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Wash., 1994. 

E. Babcock and co-workers. The Glass Industty Mn Energy Perspective, Energetics, Inc., Columbia, Md., prepared for Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Wash, Sept. 1988. 

K. K. Humphreys and D. R. Brown, Ufe Cycle Cost Comparison of Advanced Storage Batteries and Duel Cells for Utility Stand-Alone and Electric Uehicle Application, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, BatteUe Memorial Institute, 1990. 

Sponsor/Developing Organization Pacific Northwest Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, Custodian Marcel Ballinger, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352. Phone (509) 373-6715 Computer The original code was written in FORTRAN, to run on a VAX minicomputer, but can be rewritten to run on most any platform. Cost None. 

PNL - Pacific Northwest Laboratory, technical analytical DOE laboratory including PSA Population dose - The sum of the doses received by a population. If each person recci cd a dose, and the population is N, it is d N. 

MM7 Ballinger, M.Y. et al., Methods for Describing Airborne Fractions of Free Fall Spills of Powders and Liquids, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, January 1988. 

Areas with annual o /erags wind speeds of 13 mph or greater are found throughout the United States. Regions with Class 4 winds are considered adractive for Aind turbine siting. (Developed by Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories for the U.S. Department of Energy)... 

Pacific Northwest Laboratories. (1991). Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the United States. Richland, WA Author. 

Peters, R.D. Diamond, H. "Actinide Leaching from Waste Glass Air-Equilibrated versus Deaerated Conditions", Report PNL-3971, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 1981. 

Erdal, B.R. Aguilar, R.D. Bayhurst, B.P. Daniels, W.R. Duffy, C.J. Lawrence, F.O. Maestas, S. Oliver, P.Q. Wolfsberg, K. "Sorption-Desorption Studies on Granite. I. Initial Studies of Strontium, Technetium, Cesium, Barium, Cerium, Europium, Uranium, Plutonium, and Americium", in "Proceedings of the Task 4 Waste Isolation Safety Assessment Program Second Contractor Information Meeting", Vol. II, Report PNL-SA-7352, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 1978, pp. 7-67. 

Relyea, J.F. Serne, R.J. "Controlled Sample Program Publication Number 2 Interlaboratory Comparison of Batch Kj Values", Report PNL-2872, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 1979. 

Phillips, J. F. Dissolution of Oxide-Coated Zirconium and Zirconium Alloys, U.S. AEC Report BNWL-600, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA, 1968. 

Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory Pacific Northwest Laboratory Richland, WA 99352 USA... 

Feller, D., Schuchardt, K., Jones, D., 1998, Extensible Computational Chemistry Environment Basis Set Database, Version 1.0, as developed and distributed by the Molecular Science Computing Facility, Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory which is part of the Pacific Northwest Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA, and funded by the U. S. Department of Energy. The Pacific Northwest Laboratory is a multi-program laboratory operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. 

Craig DK, Park JF, Ryan JL. 1975. Effects of physico-chemical properties on metabolism of transuranium oxide aerosols inhaled by beagle dogs. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. NHS No. BNWLSA5430. 

DOE. 1978. Toxicity of inhaled americium-241 dioxide. In Pacific Northwest Laboratory Annual Report to the DOE Assistant Secretary of the Environment, 1977. U.S. Department of Energy. PNL-2500-R1 US DOE, 3.34-3.35. 

DOE. 1984. Pacific Northwest Laboratory annual report for 1983 to the DOE Office of Energy Research, Fetal and juvenile radiotoxicity. U.S. Department of Energy. PNL-5000 Part 1, Springfield, VA NTIS, 45-51. 

DOE. 1988. Pacific Northwest Laboratory Annual Report for 1987 to the DOE Office of Energy Research, Part 1-Biomedical sciences Fetal and Juvenile Radiotoxicity. Richland, WA US Department of Energy. Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. 

EPRI. 1981. Transuranium and other long-lived radionuclides in the terrestrial environs of nuclear power plants. Battelie Pacific Northwest Laboratories. EA-2045. Research Project 1059. Illinois State Library. 

Basis sets were obtained from the extensible computational chemistry environment basis set database, version 02/25/04. Pacific Northwest Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352. 

Figure 5.36. SAM line scan across an intergranular corrosion trace in bronze belt of Figure 5.35. (Courtesy Dr Scott Lea, Pacific Northwest Laboratories.)...

Nelson, R.W. J.A. Schur. (1980). Assessment of effectiveness of geologic oscillation systems PATHS groundwater hydrologic model. Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA. 

Cooper, J.A., P.0. Jackson, J.C. Langford, M.R. Peterson and B.O. Stuart, Characteristics of Attached Rn-222 Daughters under both Laboratory and Field Conditions with Particular Emphasis upon Underground Uranium Mine Environments, Batelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, 1973. 

Young, J. A., The Particle Size Distribution of Man-made and Natural Radionuclides, in Pacific Northwest Laboratory Annual Report for 1973, Part 3. pp. 16-17 (atmospheric sciences),... 

Cross,F.T., Palmer,R.F., Filipy,R.E., Busch,R.H. and B.O. Stuart, Study on the Combined Effects of Smoking and Inhalation of Uranium Ore Dust, Radon Daughters and Diesel Oil Exhaust Fumes in Hamsters and Dogs, Pacific Northwest Laboratory Rep. No. PNL-2744> Richland, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA., USA (1978). 

Dale H. Denham, FVedrick T. Cross, and Joseph K. Soldat Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352... 

Jackson, P.O., V.W. Thomas, and J.A. Young, Radiological Assessment of the Town of Edgemont, NUREG/CR-4057, Pacific Northwest Laboratory for U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C. (1985). 

Marks, S., F.T. Cross, D.H. Denham, W.E. Kennedy Jr., and R.D. Stenner, Risk Assessment in the DOE Assurance Program for Remedial Action, PNL-5541, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA (1985a). 

Jenkins, C. E. and Hanson, W. C. (1969). Radionuclide distribution in the Alaskan arctic ecosystem, page 14 in Pacific Northwest Laboratory Annual Report for 1968 to the USAEC Division of Biology and Medicine. Volume II. Physical Sciences. Part 2. Radiological Sciences, Report No. BNWL-1051, Part 2, Nielsen, J. M., Ed. (National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia). 

Palmer, H. E., Crook, G. H. and Nelson, I. C. (1968). Uptake, Distribution, and Excretion of Promethium in Humans and the Effect of DTPA on these Parameters, Report No. BNWL-SA-1915, also Report No. CONF-680607 (Battelle-Northwest, Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, Washington). 

The U S. Department of Energy (DOE) wishes to thank all persons who commented on this handbook for their help in clarifying and focusing this guidance. Ms. Pamela Sutherland of Battelle-Columbus managed the preparation of this handbook by Battelle Memorial Institute staff in Columbus and at Pacific Northwest Laboratories (PNL). 

RESS [Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions] A process for depositing a film of solid material on a surface. The substance is dissolved in supercritical carbon dioxide. When the pressure is suddenly reduced, the fluid reverts to the gaseous state and the solute is deposited on the walls of the vessel. Used for size-reduction, coating, and microencapsulation. First described in 1879. Developed in 1983 by R. D. Smith at the Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory. 

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