Washed waste

A pump tube has been included for the wash waste for reservoirs that do not have a gravity overflow. 

After settling, the waste acid is run into the washing tank (a lead-lined vessel of 12 m3 capacity) where the acid from three or four previous nitrations is collected and washed with sufficient crude nitrotoluene Mid o- nitrotoluene to form one batch for nitration to dinitrotoluene. After settling, the washed waste acid is collected in the acid storage tank. The nitrotoluene is pumped or blown to the nitrator. 

In the phosphate washing discussed above, only a small amount of acid phosphate is used to convert contaminants into their insoluble phosphate forms. To fabricate CBPC waste forms, however, a larger amount of binder is needed, so compared to the phosphate washing, the cost of the binder is high. This condition does not mean that the volume of the stabilized waste will increase. Typically, the washed waste is loosely packed, but the fully stabilized ceramic matrix is dense. As a result, the volume does not increase and, hence, the disposal cost will remain the same. Depending on the nature of the waste and amount of the phosphate binder used, the binder cost may be the only higher cost in the CBPC treatment compared to simple acid washing. 

Low-heat wastes contain relatively small quantities of fission products and associated decay heat. These wastes (Table II) consist of stored BiP04 process and early Redox process wastes, tributyl phosphate process wastes from an early uranium recovery program, process solvent wash wastes, and fuel cladding removal wastes. 

Given the local enrichments of arsenic locally present in pyrite of Appalachian Basin coal, enviromnental impacts are possible. Dispersal of arsenic from coal to stream sediments and soils may occur by both natural weathering and mining disturbance. Because arsenic in coal is commonly associated with iron sulfide minerals, much of the arsenic will be avoided by mining practices that favor selection of low sulfur (low pyrite) coal or that remove pyrite from the coal during coal preparation. In addition, disposal of the resulting coal or wash waste could present some concern because arsenic maybe concentrated in these materials. 

The organic waste stream can be regenerated by the usual procedures applied in a Purex scheme and the (rather small) amounts of salted aqueous wash wastes can be treated together with those of the Purex plant in case some alpha contamination is carried over by incomplete stripping due to retention phenomena. 

An important economic feature of Haifa process operation is the need to maintain good solvent recovery from the brine raffinate as well as from the washed waste solids and the extracted acid. With care, it has been found possible to maintain solvent losses at not more than about 5 kg/tonne P2O5 equivalent produced [66]. 

Hercules Defoamer. [Hercules] De-foamer for psq>er and food pkg. ai lics., pulp washing, waste treatment systems, coatings. 

As soon as individuals or units suspect that they have been exposed to a mycotoxin attack, they should remove their BDUs, wash their contaminated skin with soap and water, and then rinse with water. Washing the contaminated area of the skin within 4 to 6 hours after exposure to T-2 toxin removed 80% to 98% of the toxin and prevented dermal lesions and death in experimental animals.25 Contaminated BDUs as well as wash waste from personnel decontamination should be exposed to household bleach (5% sodium hypochlorite) for 6 hours or more to inactivate any residue mycotoxin. 

Cussing X X Tube filter and wet tar washing Waste water evaporation Combustion of residues in the plant... 

S. Rasi, J. Lantela, A. Veijanen, J. Rintala, Landfill gas upgrading with countercurrent water wash. Waste Manage. 28 (9) (2008) 1528-1534. 

In early designs, the reaction heat typically was removed by cooling water. Crude dichloroethane was withdrawn from the reactor as a liquid, acid-washed to remove ferric chloride, then neutralized with dilute caustic, and purified by distillation. The material used for separation of the ferric chloride can be recycled up to a point, but a purge must be done. This creates waste streams contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons which must be treated prior to disposal. 

The top of the bench should always be kept clean and dry this can easily be done if a wet and a dry rag are kept at hand. Apparatus not immediately required (a) should be kept as far as possible in a cupboard beneath the bench if it must be placed on the bench, it should be arranged in a neat and orderly manner. All apparatus should be washed immediately after use and placed in a position to drain at the first opportunity, the apparatus should be dried. It must be emphasised that as a general rule a deposit of dirt or tar is more easily removed when it is freshly formed a suitable cleaning agent can usually be found while one still remembers the nature of the material or the circumstances attending its formation. It is hardly necessary to add that sohd waste and filter papers must not be thrown into the sink, and that all operations requiring the handhng of unpleasant and noxious materials sliould be carried out in the fume cupboard ( hood ). 

Wash primers Wash test WASPALOY Wasserglass Wassermann antigen Waste... 

Empty containers may be destroyed in an incinerator or decontaminated by washing with a dilute thiosulfate or sulfite solution. Bulk wastes should be treated by controlled iodine recovery processes. 

Alternative Methods of Curing. The presence of salt in hides and skins has been a problem for taimers. Moreover, the quantity of salt, usually 10—20% by weight in cured hides, is an environmental problem. In the discharge of the water from the rewet and washing, the soluble soHds are normally greater than 20, 000 mg/L. This amounted to 2000 4000 mg/L in the combined waste stream of the taimery. 

Hydrochloric acid [7647-01-0], which is formed as by-product from unreacted chloroacetic acid, is fed into an absorption column. After the addition of acid and alcohol is complete, the mixture is heated at reflux for 6—8 h, whereby the intermediate malonic acid ester monoamide is hydroly2ed to a dialkyl malonate. The pure ester is obtained from the mixture of cmde esters by extraction with ben2ene [71-43-2], toluene [108-88-3], or xylene [1330-20-7]. The organic phase is washed with dilute sodium hydroxide [1310-73-2] to remove small amounts of the monoester. The diester is then separated from solvent by distillation at atmospheric pressure, and the malonic ester obtained by redistillation under vacuum as a colorless Hquid with a minimum assay of 99%. The aqueous phase contains considerable amounts of mineral acid and salts and must be treated before being fed to the waste treatment plant. The process is suitable for both the dimethyl and diethyl esters. The yield based on sodium chloroacetate is 75—85%. Various low molecular mass hydrocarbons, some of them partially chlorinated, are formed as by-products. Although a relatively simple plant is sufficient for the reaction itself, a si2eable investment is required for treatment of the wastewater and exhaust gas. 

D. W. CleeUand, Proceedings of the Symposium on the Solidification and Eong-Term Storage of Highly Radioactive Wastes, USAEC, Richland, Wash., 1966. 

Performance assessments are predictions of radioactivity releases, the rate of transfer of contaminants through various media, and the potential for hazard to the pubHc. These are based on a combination of experimental data obtained in the process called site characterization and detaded computations about radionuchdes and their effects. The progressive attack on the metal or ceramic waste container, the diffusion of water into the waste form, the leaching of the radioactive compounds, diffusion out, and washing away of radionuchdes are all considered. 

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