Ceramic waste

Angelini, P., Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Carbide from Methylsilane and Coating of Nuclear Waste Ceramics, Diss. Abstr. Int, 46(9) 170 (Mar. 1986)... 

Gamma-irradiation has been used to investigate effects on chemical durability of waste glasses (Lutze 1988) and to assess the effect on corrosion and defect formation in waste ceramics (Vlasov et al. 1987 Kulikov et al. 2001). Irradiation with Y-rays does not produce atomic displacements, but rather causes excitations and point defects and leads to formation of ion radicals. Therefore, this method may serve as a simulation for p-Y-radiation of FPs in the waste forms. 

McCarthy GJ (1977) High-level waste ceramics materials considerations, process simulation and product characterization. Nuclear Techn 32 92-105... 

Turcotte RP, Wald JW, Roberts FP, Rusin JM, Lutze W (1982) Radiation damage in nuclear waste ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 65 589-593... 

Palon, M.T., and Majling, J. (1995) Preparation of the high iron sulfoaluminate belite cements from raw mixtures incorporating industrial waste. Ceramics Silikaty (Prague) 39,63-67. 

Ceramic hollow spheres are aluminosUicates produced from a variety of minerals or reclaimed from fly ash waste. Ceramic spheres have higher densities than glass beads, but are less expensive, more rigid, and mechanically more resistant. 

Uses. The principal use of magnesium hydroxide is in the pulp (qv) and paper (qv) industries (52). The main captive use is in the production of magnesium oxide, chloride, and sulfate. Other uses include ceramics, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, plastics, flame retardants/smoke suppressants, and the expanding environmental markets for wastewater treatment and SO removal from waste gases (87). 

Performance assessments are predictions of radioactivity releases, the rate of transfer of contaminants through various media, and the potential for hazard to the pubHc. These are based on a combination of experimental data obtained in the process called site characterization and detaded computations about radionuchdes and their effects. The progressive attack on the metal or ceramic waste container, the diffusion of water into the waste form, the leaching of the radioactive compounds, diffusion out, and washing away of radionuchdes are all considered. 

Refractories made usiag alumiaas are used ia the iroa and steel, chemical and petroleum, ceramics and glass manufacture, minerals processiag (cement, lime, etc), pubHc utilities, waste iaciaeration, and power generation iadustries. 

Metallacarboranes. These are used in homogeneous catalysis (222), including hydrogenation, hydrosilylation, isomerization, hydrosilanolysis, phase transfer, bum rate modifiers in gun and rocket propellants, neutron capture therapy (254), medical imaging (255), processing of radioactive waste (192), analytical reagents, and as ceramic precursors. 

FIG. 27-59 Ceramic recuperator. In this design the seals are maintained at relatively low temperatures, leading to leakage rates of only a few percent. (From Goldstick Waste Heat Recovery, Faiimont Press, Atlanta, 1986.)... 

Arsenic none 0.05 Skin damage circulatory system problems increased risk of cancer ceramics electronics solder Erosion of natural deposits runoff from glass electronics production wastes... 

A typical ozone system consists of 100 g/hr at a concentration of 1.0 percent to 1.5 percent in air fed to the bottom of bleach collection tanks through ceramic spargers (pore size of approximately 100 t). The system contains air compression and drying equipment, automatic control features, and a flat-plate, air-cooled ozone generator. Regeneration of bleach wastes totaling about 10,000 gallons a year, and recovery of other chemicals can also be cost effective. 

Chemically inactive These are made from a variety of materials that include wound yarn, felt, flannel, cotton waste, wood pump, mineral wool, asbestos and diatomaceous earth. The solid particles are trapped and retained within the medium. Certain types will remove water, as well as large and small particles of solids in a range down to 10 microns. Ceramics are sometimes employed for depth filtration, as also are special sintered metals. 

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