Vinyl chloride domestic

Vinyl chloride is Hsted as "ethene, chloro-" on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory and on the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL). It is Hsted as "chloroethylene" on the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS), bearing the identification number 2008 310 (149). 

Poly(vinyl chloride) is Hsted on the TSCA inventory and the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL) as ethene, chloro-, homopolymer [9002-86-2]. Because polymers do not appear on the European Community Commercial Chemical Substances listing or EINECS, poly(vinyl chloride) is listed through its monomer, vinyl chloride [75-01-4]. In the United States, poly(vinyl chloride) is an EPA hazardous air pollutant under the Clean Air Act Section 112 (40 CER 61) and is covered under the New Jersey Community Right-to-Know Survey N.J. Environmental Hazardous Substances (EHS) List as "chloroethylene, polymer" with a reporting threshold of 225 kg (500 lb). 

ISO 105-X10 Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Part XIO Assessment of migration of textile colours into polyvinyl chloride coatings ISO 264 1976 Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fittings with plain sockets for pipes under pressure - Laying lengths - Metric series ISO 265-1 1988 Pipes and fittings of plastics materials - Fittings for domestic and industrial waste pipes - Basic dimensions Metric series - Part 1 Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U)... 

Biological. 1,1-Dichloroethane showed significant degradation with gradual adaptation in a static-culture flask-screening test (settled domestic wastewater inoculum) conducted at 25 °C. At concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L, percent losses after 4 wk of incubation were 91 and 83, respectively. At a substrate concentration of 5 mg/L, 19% was lost due to volatilization after 10 d (Tabak et ah, 1981). Under anoxic conditions, indigenous microbes in uncontaminated sediments produced vinyl chloride (Barrio-Lage et al, 1986). 

In a continuous-flow mixed-film methanogenic column study, tetrachloroethylene degraded to trichloroethylene with traces of vinyl chloride, dichloroethylene isomers, and carbon dioxide (Vogel and McCarty, 1985). In a static-culture-flask screening test, tetrachloroethylene (5 and 10 mg/L) was statically incubated in the dark at 25 °C with yeast extract and settled domestic wastewater inoculum. Significant degradation with gradual adaptation was observed after 28 d of incubation. The amount lost due to volatilization after 10 d was 16 to 23% (Tabak et al., 1981). 

Polyethylene, polypropylene, poly (vinyl chloride), styrene resins (including ABS), phenolics, and polyesters are the major commercial polymers and together represent over 80% of the total domestic production, also shown in Figure 1). The sharply increased demand in 1972 required manufacturing plants to operate at almost full capacities. Shortages may occur temporarily until new facilities are installed. 

Ethylhexyl acrylate manufacture represented about 15 percent of domestic consumption of the alcohol. The acrylate is the longest chain acrylate ester produced by esterification of acrylic acid. The monomer is used in acrylic copolymers for pressure sensitive adhesives, PVC impact modifiers, and as a comonomer with vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride in latexes for paints and textiles. Growth over the next 5 years is estimated at 6 percent per year. 

With bulk polymerization the only materials present in the reactor are monomer and catalyst. The polymer formed from vinyl chloride, as mentioned previously, is not soluble in its own monomer. Very high fluid viscosities are encountered in the reactor with this technique. Until its recent development in Europe, a commercial process for producing bulk polymers did not exist. This European technique has been licensed to a few domestic U.S. resin producers who use it to produce "large particle" type resins. 

Poly (vinyl chloride) is mainly used for wire articles (e.g., fences, domestic and household appliances). The release of plasticizer during coating is a disadvantage. 

ISO 265-1 1988 Pipes and fittings of plastics materials - Fittings for domestic and industrial waste pipes - Basic dimensions Metric series - Part 1 Unplasticised poly(vinyl chloride) (uPVC). 

The continued growth of vinyl chloride monomer, both domestically and globally, will ensure a sink for the bulk of the chlorine and adequate though tight caustic supplies for the pulp and paper industry. The tight caustic soda market will permit caustic producers to recover a larger portion of their chlor-alkali production costs from merchant caustic sales. The portion chargeable to chlorine will be lowered, and more ethylene dichloride capacity for VCM/PVC production will be installed. 

Vinyl resins are the second largest class of industrial polymers, accounting for about 10 billion lb or 16 percent of domestic resin sales. This class includes poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene fluoride), poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl alcohol), the poly(vinyl ethers), and a numbet of other related polymers and copolymers. 

Chlorinated hydrocarbons, containing one or two carbon atoms, constitute a significant fraction of the hazardous substances from industrial, domestic, and agricultural sources. In part, this is due to their high levels of production. Over five million tonnes of 1,2-dichloroethylene (1,2-DCE) are produced annually for use as a solvent and chemical intermediate [1]. Vinyl diloride (VC) is also produced in large amoimts (over three million tonnes annually) for the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride [1]. The solvents tetrachloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE), 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA), and carbon tetrachloride (CT) have a combined annual production of over 6 million tonnes [1]. Since 1970, annual U.S. production of dichloromethane (DCM) has ranged from 212 to 286 million kg, with the principal application being paint removal [2]. 

---