Useful Abbreviations

Keynotes in Organic Chemistry, Second Edition. Andrew F. Parsons. 

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The conventional cement chemists notation uses abbreviations for the most common constituents calcium oxide [1305-78-8], CaO, = C siUcon dioxide... 

Point (1) is part of every new field there is not much you can do about it. If you want to live in another country, you have to learn the language. If you want to use computational chemistry methods, you need to learn the acronyms. I have tried in the present book to include a good fraction of the most commonly used abbreviations and standard procedures. 

These abbreviations are used in most chapters. In some chapters other (specific) abbreviations are used. Abbreviations employed in physical experimental methods used in electrochemistry are listed in Chapter 27. 

Since the scheme in Example III-3 could obviously not appear in one page or be conveniently represented as a whole, we describe it by subschemes, a useful abbreviation technique we shall frequently employ. The triangles such as ... 

A useful abbreviation is H4Y with H,Y, H2Y2, etc. referring to the various ions derived from the successive stages of dissociation. For practical purposes, the disodium saltNa2H2Y is preferred as a reagent. This salt has a distinctly higher solubility than the parent acid and avoids the high alkali-... 

Appendix A Commonly Used Abbreviations, Symbols, and Tables... 

Table 2. Specification of the porphyrin part (P) of the general metalloporphyrin formula M(P)LX [4] and other abbreviations used (abbreviations in accord with the recent porphyrin review literature (21, 22) R, M, L, X specified in the text)...

The molecular mechanics technique has been called by many different names, including Westheimer method, strain-energy method, conformational energy calculations, empirical potential energy calculations, atom-atom pair potential method, and force field calculations. Empirical force field is widely used, but somewhat long, and many authors omit empirical, leading to confusion with spectroscopic force field calculations. Molecular mechanics (11) now appears to be favored (10a) and is used (abbreviated as MM) throu out this chapter. 

This text and others use abbreviations for most resin types. The common resin definitions are presented beiow. 

The X matrix that corresponds to Equation 14.50 is derived from the design matrix given in Equation 14.49 by adding an initial column of one s. Then, using abbreviated sign notation for the levels. 

The symbols Pi and PPi are used to denote phosphate and pyrophosphate ions respectively. These widely used abbreviations originated from the designations inorganic phosphate and pyrophosphate. Under physiological conditions, the ions HPOj" and H2PO4 will predominate. 

In addition to capitalization, move 1 of the Methods section is also an excellent place to examine how chemists use abbreviations and acronyms in their writing. Abbreviations are short forms of words or phrases where each letter is often pronounced (e.g., DNA) acronyms are short forms of words or phrases that form pronounceable words (e.g., NASA). Both are common in chemical writing, in part because they make the writing more concise. A few abbreviations are so common that they can be used without ever introducing the full term (e.g., DNA, IR, NMR, UV, RNA). Most abbreviations, however, need to be dehned before they can be used on their own in such cases, abbreviations are placed in parentheses immediately/oHowing the full terms that they represent. For example. 

The ACS Style Guide includes a long list of accepted abbreviations to discourage authors from creating their own. Moreover, authors should not use abbreviations... 

Abbreviations and acronyms The ACS Style Guide suggests that writers use abbreviated terms sparingly in abstracts they should be used mainly to... 

Be careful, however, not to become too casual with abbreviations. For example, popular shorthand is not appropriate (e.g., B4 for before or FYI for for your information ). Also, use abbreviations consistently throughout the poster. For example, eq should not be used for equation and equivalent in the same poster. 

Some rules for using abbreviated forms are as follows ... 

Abbreviations, generally initials in capital letters, are also employed to describe polymers. Table 3 contains a listing of some of the more widely used abbreviations and the polymer associated with the abbreviation. 

For convenience of presentation we have used abbreviations for various chemical compounds. They are listed below. 

Within the text of your resume, avoid using abbreviations— spell everything out. 

Within the text, avoid abbreviations—spell out everything. For example, use the word Director, not "Dir." or Vice President as opposed to "VP." For degrees, however, it s acceptable to use abbreviations like MBA, BA, Ph.D., and so forth. 

Some decisions deserve the full brainstorming treatment as described above. For others, either the costs of having a group sit around and go through the entire procedure are too great or action is required fairly quickly and cannot wait for the full procedure to run its course. In these cases, there is a useful abbreviated scheme that can quickly determine whether there is consensus on the outline of a solution. 

In order to make the Encyclopedia ascompactas possible we used abbreviations, many of which are the same as used in Chemical Abstracts except that periods after abbreviations are omitted. A list of abbreviations symbols, code letters and special designations of items connected with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, ammunition and weapons is included in this work. This list is placed immediately before the Encyclopedia proper (see Abbreviations, pp Abbr 1-59) and also includes abbreviations and code letters for various Ordnance establishments, industrial installations and scientific institutions, both US and foreign. Some additional abbreviations are given in a supplementary list (see Abbreviations, pp Abbr 59-65). Wherever we have been able to do so and are permitted by security regulations, the meaning of code letters on ammunition, weapons and other military items is briefly explained... 

The methods given are presented in Table II exactly as they were reported by the laboratories (as nearly as possible). The detail in which methods are reported varies from elaborate to scanty. No literature references were given by any laboratory. In one case (laboratory 02) results came back on a form marked report of chemical analysis, and we had to go back to the questionnaire to find that wet chemistry was the method used. Abbreviations are used to reduce space in the method column. 

Abbreviations. These may be used to represent ligands in formulae, and they are cited in the same place as the formulae they stand for. The abbreviations should be lower case, and enclosed in parentheses. Some commonly used abbreviations are in [Tabic 1-3 ]... 

The commonly used abbreviations for organic groups, such as Me, Ph. Bu. etc., are acceptable in inorganic formulae. Note that the difference between an onion and its parent add must be observed. Thus acac is an acceptable abbreviation for acetylacetonate. Acetylacetone (pentane-2,4-dione) then becomes Hacac. 

A list of commonly encountered ligand abbreviations is given in Table 10. While it is generally accepted to use abbreviations for ligands in a pseudo formula ([Co(edta)(H20)] ) within textual material to stand for a cumbersome name, it should be recognized that ambiguities in interpretation can always occur with this type of notation. Thus, all abbreviations should be defined within a suitable span of text. Scientific publications should certainly contain at least one formula per compound which is composed only of the internationally accepted atomic symbols, and which accurately defines the composition of the compound or compounds of primary interest reported in the publication. 

Considerable confusion is possible because of the way in which biochemists use abbreviated names and formulas for the acyl derivatives of coenzyme A. To emphasize the vital —SH group, coenzyme A is usually written as CoASH. However, the acyl derivatives most often are called acetyl CoA and the like, not acetyl SCoA, and you could well get the erroneous impression that the sulfur has somehow disappeared in forming the acyl derivative. We will include the sulfur in formulas such as CH3COSCoA, but use the customary names such as acetyl CoA without including the sulfur. To make clear that CoA does not contain cobalt, CoA is printed in this text in boldface type. 

We may now consider the character theorem for the PRs of improper point groups, which are all subgroups of 0(3), with factor systems defined by eqs. (11) and (12) above. Using abbreviated notation for PFs,... 

As in the previous Report,1 developments in theoretical and computational methods as such will not be dealt with. The results of calculations will usually be quoted in atomic units (distances/Bohr, energies/Hartree) but occasionally electron volts (eV) or kilojoules (kJ) for energies are used. A list of commonly used abbreviations is given at the beginning of this volume. 

These are commonly used abbreviations, the full H-M symbol for Tj, is 2/m3 (also sometimes abbreviated as m3), and the full H-M symbol for 0>, is 4/m 32/m (also sometimes abbreviated as ttiim. T>, and 0>, have centers of symmetry thus 3 +1 is equivalent to 3. 

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