Publications Abbreviations used

Knowledge of phase diagrams is not only a prerequisite for efficient crystal-growth, but also provides information on the formation of solid solutions, in which, for example, physical properties may change continuously. The numerous publications concerning Group VA systems are summarized in Tables XXV-XXVII, together with the respective references and the most important information. Abbreviations used... 

The abbreviations used in the references for titles of journals and periodicals are those used in BP publications practice and conform closely to the recommendations of the Chemical Abstracts system. Abbreviations which have been used to indicate textbook and reference book sources of information are set out below with the full titles and publication details. 

Computational methods described in this work are tested using a tripeptoid combinatorial library described by Zuckermann et al. (35). These authors described chemical structures of 24 amines used as building blocks for the pep-toid synthesis. The common Markush structure of tripeptoids is shown in Fig. 3 where R1, R2, and R3 are the alkyl portions of primary amines used as building blocks. The structures of the building blocks are shown in Fig. 4 and we followed the abbreviations used in the original publication. 

The examples that are presented in this section are not rigorous reviews of reactive intermediates but highlight instead the application of picosecond-resolved methods to selected problems. The symbols and abbreviations used herein may be different from those in the original publications, but if they have been changed, it is to achieve a uniformity of meaning for which they are used in this chapter. 

References to the literature. References to the original data are given in the text, as Washburn.2 The exact citation can then be found in the list of references, which are given in alphabetical (and numerical) order, as Washburn,2 Bur. Standards J. Research 10, 525 (1933), where the numerals indicate, respectively, the volume, page, and year. The abbreviations used for the titles of the periodicals are those adopted as standard by the International Union of Chemistry (See, for example, Chemical Abstracts List of Periodicals Abstracted ). When the citation is that of a book, it is written as Washburn, Introduction to the Principles of Physical Chemistry, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1921), where the title is in quotation marks, and then in order follow the name of the publisher, the place of publication, and, in parentheses, the year of publication. If the book citation includes volume and page numbers, these follow immediately after the title. 

The complete journal titles for abbreviations used for serials and nonserials in Chemical Abstracts from 1907 to 2002. (Starting with Volume 136 (2002), Chemical Abstracts began to quote the full journal or publication title as part of the abstract instead of the CASSI abbreviation.)... 

Journal abbreviations used by The Chemical Society prior to revision in 1980 are adopted in this publication. 

References to published data cited in the tabulations are given in an abbreviated form in the interest of saving space. In general, only the year of publication and the page number are cited, but when several volumes are published within the same year, the volume number is added after the year, e. g. ZK 1987/181. The abbreviations used are as follows ... 

Where a deoxy sugar or its derivative has been characterized in more than one publication, the reference number printed in bold type indicates the publication from which the physical constants were taken. The specific optical rotations recorded in the Tables are equilibrium values for those compounds for which mutarotation values have been reported. The abbreviations used to indicate the rotation solvent are as follows A, acetone C, chloroform D, p-dioxane E, ethanol M, methanol P, pyridine W, water. 

Note Abbreviations used align, alignment euk, eukaryotics DB, database genm, genome inti, international prok, prokaryotics FG, functional genomics GP genome project(s) chrom, chromosome(al) NR, non-redundant seq, sequence(s) phyl, phylogeny PT, phenotype(s) pub, public proj, project. 

When discussing the subject of periodicals published by societies and commercial publishers, articles are identified usually by issue, and/or volume, date, and page number. Bibliographic control is excellent, and it is usually a routing matter to obtain a copy of a desired article. However, some problems exist such as periodicals that are known by more than one name, and the use of nonstandard abbreviations. Using the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) that accurately identifies each publication solves both of these problems. With the increasing size and use of automated databases one should consider using ISSN or some other standard. 

Standard abbreviations used in both the biochemical and chemical literature have been employed in the text and are listed in the Biochemical Journal publication, Policy of the Journal and Instructions to Authors issued by the Biochemical Society, London, 1972. Wherever possible enzymes have been named at the first mention by use of the EC (Enzyme Commission) numbers (Recommendations of the International Union of Biochemistry on the nomenclature and classification of Enzymes, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1965). 

Various friends who readily agreed to translate foreign publications are also to be acknowledged here, in particular Dr. Jean Burkhard who has been of invaluable help for translating German papers over the last 30 years. The diverse abbreviations used in ancient reviews - particularly Chemisches Zentralblatt - had no secrets for him. Unfortunately, he left us in 2001 at the age of 91. 

The References section of FlyBase houses a searchable bibliography of publications about the genetics and biology of Drosophila, with a satellite file of journal and book abbreviations used in compiling the bibliography. FlyBase captures personal communications as publications, to accommodate otherwise unpublished information from the research community. Wherever possible, genetic and biological data presented in FlyBase are linked to the publication in which the data appeared. 

Our reviewer felt the molecule builder was easy to use. It is set up for organic molecules. Specialized building modes are available for peptides, nucleotides, and carbohydrates. It is also possible to impose constraints on the molecular geometry. Functions are accessed via a separate window with buttons labeled with abbreviated names. This layout is convenient to use, but not completely self-explanatory. The program is capable of good-quality rendering. At the time of this book s publication, a new three-dimensional graphic user interface called Maestro was under development. 

Chart showing hierarchical relationship among a technique, methods using that technique, and procedures and protocols for one method. (Abbreviations APHA = American Public Health Association, ASTM = American Society for Testing Materials, EPA = Environmental Protection Agency)... 

Orthogonal TOP is the name commonly given to orthogonally accelerated time-of-flight mass spectrometry. It is sometimes referred to by the acronym oa-TOF, especially in official publications, but it is more usual for it to be referred to simply as orthogonal TOP this abbreviation is used here. 

Each manuscript should be submitted in duplicate to the secretary of the Editorial Board, Professor Stanley Kirschner, Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, U.S.A. The manuscript should be typewritten in English. Nomenclature should be consistent and should follow the recommendations presented in The Definitive Rules for Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 82, 5523 (1960). Abbreviations should conform to those used in publications of the American Chemical Society, particularly Inorganic Chemistry. 

This publication was supported in part by NIH Grant LM 03300 from the National Library of Medicine. I wish to thank the following for permission to use archival materials Special Collections, Robert W. Woodruff Library, Emory University Alan Mason Chesney Archives, Johns Hopkins University and Division of Archives, State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Part of the research for this paper was carried out while the author was a Visiting Associate Professor at The Johns Hopkins Institute of the History of Medicine. A preliminary, abbreviated version of the paper was delivered at the American Chemical Society meeting in Washington, D.C., on September 12, 1979, at a session of papers in honor of Aaron J. Ihde sponsored by the Division of History of Chemistry. 

Derived from TRI88 (1990) Post office state abbreviations he sum of all releases of the faci1i ty POTW = publicly owned treatment used chemi cal works to air, land. water, and underground injection wells by a given ... 

Some companies have found success with a periodic publication of incident abstracts. Each incident may appear as a one or two paragraph summary in a quarterly bulletin. This information is circulated widely within the corporation or is available online. If a site has a special interest in one particular incident, full details are then requested by direct contact between the two sites. The highly abbreviated summary has other uses, such as material for employee safety training meetings or bulletin board postings. This is another example of the practical trade-off between quantity of incidents publicized and the amount of detail presented for each incident. 

Legislation is not immediately compiled into the U.S. Code (this is done every five years). Instead of U.S. Code numbers, one can use Public Law numbers in many databases. For example the Brady Handgun Violence Control Act is Public Law 103-159 (sometimes abbreviated PL. 103-159). 

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