Abbreviations, and Symbols

The abbreviations in some instances may differ from those commonly used in other branches of chemistry. 

(1978) Physical Ageing in Amorphous Polymers and Other Materials, 

Hutchinson, J.M. (1995) Physical ageing of polymers. Prog. Polym. Sci., 20, 703. Narayanaswamy, O.S. (1971) A model of structural relaxation in glass. J. Am. Ceram Soc., 54, 491. 

6 Hodge, I.M. and Berens, A.R. (1982) Effects of annealing and prior history on enthalpy relaxation in glassy polymers. 1. Mathematical modeling. Macromolecules, 15, 762. 

8 Williams, G. and Watts, D.C. (1970) Non-symmetrical dielectric relaxation behaviour arising from a simple empirical decay function. Thms. Faraday Soc., 66, 80. 

BE25 25 mole% erbia-stabilized bismuth oxide 

BIMEVOX general acronym for materials derived from Bi4V20n, like BICUVOX 

BT40 40 mole% terbia-stabilized bismuth oxide 

BY25 25 mole% yttria-stabilized bismuth oxide 

HRTEM high resolution transmission electron microscopy 

Csp chain transfer constant for transfer to polymeric stabilizer 

HUFT homogeneous nucleation model of emulsion polymerization I initiator 

In this review we summarize and discuss the amphiphilic properties of polyoxyethylene (PEO) macromonomers and PEO graft copolymer molecules, the aggregation of amphiphilic PEO macromonomers into micelles, the effect of organized aggregation of macromonomers on the polymerization process, and the kinetics of radical polymerization and copolymerization of PEO macromonomer in disperse (dispersion, emulsion, miniemulsion, microemulsion, etc.) systems [1-5]. 

When conventional surfactants are used in emulsion polymerization, difficulties are encountered which are inherent in their use. Conventional surfactants are held on the particle surface by physical forces thus adsorption/des-orption equilibria always exist, which may not be desirable. They can interfere with adhesion to a substrate and may be leached out upon contact with water. Surfactant migration affects film formation and their lateral motion during particle-particle interactions can cause destabilization of the colloidal dispersion. 

Macromonomers afford a powerful means of designing a vast variety of well-defined graft copolymers. These species are particularly useful in the field of polymer blends as compatibilizers and/or stabilizers (surfactants). When macromonomer itself is an amphiphilic polymer, then its polymerization in water usually occurs rapidly as a result of organization into micelles. In copolymerizations, important factors for macromonomer reactivity are the thermodynamic repulsion or incompatibility between the macromonomer and the trunk polymer and its partitioning between the continuous phase and the polymer particles [4,5]. 

The subsurface solubility of a dissolved atom in a solid metal, expressed as solute-to-metal atom ratio 

Limiting current density (A cm j Exchange current density (A cm ) 

Solubility (Sieverts ) constant for dissociative adsorption of a diatomic gas, followed by absorption (Pa ) 

Transfer coefficient for the overall electrode reaction Symmetry factor for an elementary charge-transfer step 

AOAC Association of Official Analytical Chemists ASQC American Society for Quality Control BCR European Community Bureau of Reference 

ETAAS electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry GMP good measurement practice 

NIST U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology PSP protocol for specific purpose 

REMCO Committee on Reference Materials RM reference material 

RMSE relative mean square error SD standard deviation 

Italicized numbers in columns Xjiax. loge in Table I Indicate value for Inflection or shoulder of absorption. 

Part 14. (6)-Chromophores without other conjugated unit Chromophores 

Part 28. Other Chromophores consisting of 2 carbo-aromatic condensed Rings 

Part 43. Aromatic Chromophores with P or As Hetero-atom(s) 

Part 47. Aromatic Chromo-phores with 0 and N Hetero-atoms (0N5)(0 C) 7788-7791 

Acceptance Region . The range for the test statistic within which the null hypothesis is accepted. The limiting value(s) of the acceptance region are known as the critical values. See also Critical Value(s). 

Addition Rule n. MsocaUediiie additive law of probability, one of the primary rules of probability. The addition 

If the two events 1 and 2 are mutually exclusive then the probability that both events 1 and 2 occur, P( i fl 2), is zero and the addition rule reduces to  

Additive Law of Probability n See Additions Rule. Alpha Level n The alternate name for the significance level. Alternative Hypothesis n The alternative or negation of the null hypothesis in hypothesis testing. It is normally symbolized by Hj. 

Arithmetic Mean n Also referred to as mean is the simple average of a set of numbers, i.e., the sum of all numbers in the set divided by the number of numbers in the set. The arithmetic mean of the set X, X , is given by  

Hydrodynamk volume Number of theoretical plates Height Equivaloit of a Theoretical Plate Peak width 

Experimental chromatogram Theoretical chromatogram Instrumoital function Instrumental Spreading Function 

High Performance Liquid Chromatography Ultra Violet 

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Base-pair, kilobase-pair Total acrylamide content Bisacrylamide/total acrylamide content Electrophoretic mobility Electrophoretic mobility in free solvent Limiting mobility fractional volume 

Mean length, excluded area and excluded volume of a particle 

---

Abbreviations and symbols commonly used in this book include ... 

A glossary and list of acronyms, abbreviations, and symbols can be found at the end of this profile. 

Key to LSE Figure The Key explains the abbreviations and symbols used in the figure. 

---