Urticaria

Blood dyscrasias are quite uncommon, but if they occur may be serious enough to cause discontinuance of the therapy. Both topical and systemic adrninistration of sulfas can cause hypersensitivity reactions, such as urticaria, exfoHative dermatitis, photosensiti2ation, erythema nodosum, and in its most severe form, erythema multiformexudativum. (Stevens-Johnson syndrome). In general, however, use of sulfonamide therapy is considered relatively safe. 

Although immediate reactions of anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, and urticaria have been reported, most commonly patients exhibiting an adverse reaction develop a maculopapular rash, usually after several days of therapy. They may also develop fever and eosinophilia (80,219). Cefoperazone (34) and ceftriaxone (39), having greater biUary excretion than other cephalosporins, are associated with an increased risk of diarrhea, which may be caused by selection of cytotoxin producing stains of Clostridium difficile (219). 

Adverse reactions to digoxin include anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, headaches, visual disturbances, and cardiac arrhythmias. Allergic reaction such as urticaria, skin emptions, fever, and edema have been reported (87). 

Antithyroid drags have several side effects. The most frequent side effects are maculopapular rashes, pruritus, urticaria, fever, arthralgia and swelling of the joints. They occur in 1-5% of patients [1, 2]. Loss of scalp hair, gastrointestinal problems, elevations of bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase and abnormalities of taste and smell are less common. The incidence of all these untoward reactions is similar with MMI and PTU. Side effects of MMI are dose-related, whereas those of PTU are less clearly related to dose [1]. PTU may cause slight transient increases of serum aminotransferase and y-glutamyl transpeptidase concentrations but also severe hq atotoxicity whereas methimazole or carbimazole can be associated with cholestasis. The side... 

Urticaria is a usually transient skin reaction marked by edema and the formation of wheals, smooth, raised areas. 

Cardiac arrest Urticaria Angi oedema Pruritus (jtching)... 

The most common adverse reactions seen with administration of the cephalosporins are gastrointestinal disturbances, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions may occur with administration of the cephalosporins and range from mild to life threatening. Mild hypersensitivity reactions include pruritus, urticaria, and skin rashes. More serious hypersensitivity reactions include S teveils-Johnson syndrome (fever, cough, muscular aches and... 

Notify the primary health care provider immediately if any one or more of the following occurs vomiting, skin rash, hives (urticaria), severe diarrhea, vaginal or anal itching, sores in the mouth, swelling around the mouth or eyes, breathing difficully... 

Additional adverse reactions seen with administration of the aminoglycosides may include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, rash, and urticaria When these drugs are given, individual drug references, such as the package insert, should be consulted for more specific adverse reactions. 

Soreness at the injection site, urticaria, dizziness, rash, chills, fever, and hypersensitivity reactions may be seen with the administration of this drug. 

Administration may result in a hypersensitivity-type reaction that includes rash and urticaria Nausea, vomiting, oral thrush, diarrhea, and headache also may be seen. 

Acetaminophen causes few adverse reactions when used as directed on the label or recommended by the primary health care provider. Adverse reactions associated with the use of acetaminophen usually occur with chronic use or when the recommended dosage is exceeded. Adverse reactions to acetaminophen include skin eruptions, urticaria (hives), hemolytic anemia, pancytopenia (a reduction in all cellular components of the blood), hypoglycemia, jaundice (yellow discoloration of the skin), hepatotoxicily (damage to the liver), and hepatic failure (seen in chronic alcoholics taking the drug). 

Other—urticaria, anaphylactic shock, other skin manifestations... 

Hypersensitivity—rash, angioneurotic edema, fever, urticaria... 

---