Tremor and

Ca " concentration, termed hypocalcemia, excitabihty increases. If this condition is not corrected, the symptoms of tetany, ie, muscular spasm, tremor, and even convulsions, can appear. Too great an increase in Ca " concentration, hypercalcemia, may impair muscle function to such an extent that respiratory or cardiac failure may occur. 

Propanidid. Propanidid [1421-14-3] (Epontol), C gH2yNO, (7) a derivative of the propyl ester of homo vanillic acid, has been in clinical use in Europe for a number of years. Its main advantage is rapid onset of action and a fast recovery which, like etomidate, is because of rapid metaboHsm by esterases rather than redistribution (108). Excretion is rapid 75 to 90% of the dmg is eliminated as metaboUtes within two hours. Propanidid side effects include hypotension, tachycardia, and hyperventilation followed by apnea, as well as excitatory side effects such as tremor and involuntary muscle movement (109). 

A deficiency of niacin also affects the nervous system. Numbness is initially observed and later, paralysis, particularly in the extremities is common. Severe cases are characteri2ed by tremor and a spastic or ataxic gait and are frequentiy associated with peripheral neuritis. Left untreated, severe thought disorders can ensue (1). 

Health Hazards Information - Recommended Personal Protective Equipment Goggles or face shield dust mask Symptoms Following Exposure Inhalation of dust may causes irritation of nose and throat. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation. Ingestion has been observed to cause tremors and muscle spasms in test animals General Treatment for Exposure INHALATION move to fresh air. EYES flush with water for at least 15 min. SKIN flush with water wash with soap and water. INGESTION get medical attention Toxicity by Inhalation (Thresholdlimit Value) Data not available Short-Term Inhalation limits Data not available Toxicity by Ingestion Grade 2 oral LDjq = 3,800 mg/kg (rat) Late Toxicity Causes cancer in rats Vapor (Gas) Irritant Characteristics Data not available liquid or Solid Irritant Characteristics Data not available Odor Threshold Not pertinent. 

The a-oxidation pathway is defective in Refsum s disease, an inherited metabolic disorder that results in defective night vision, tremors, and other neurologic abnormalities. These symptoms are caused by accumulation of phytanic acid in the body. Treatment of Refsum s disease requires a diet free of chloro-... 

Antiparkinsoniam. A drug useful in the treatment of the tremors and rigidity associated with Parkinson s disease. 

Parkinson s disease. A degenerative neurologic condition manifested by tremor and muscular rigidity. 

MONITORING FOR NEUROTOXICITY. The nurse should be alert for symptoms such as numbness or tingling of the skin, circumoral paresthesia, peripheral paresthesia (numbness or tingling in the extremities), tremors, and muscle twitching or weakness. The nurse reports any... 

Central nervous system—euphoria, weakness, headache, pinpoint pupils, insomnia, agitation, tremor, and impairment of mental and physical tasks... 

Benzodiazepine withdrawal may occur when use of the antianxiety drugs is abruptly discontinued after 3 to 4 months of therapy. Occasionally, withdrawal symptoms may occur after as little as 4 to 6 weeks of therapy. Symptoms of benzodiazepine withdrawal include increased anxiety, concentration difficultiesi, tremor, and sensory disturbances, such as paresthesias photophobia, hypersomnia, and metallic taste. To help prevent withdrawal symptoms, the nurse must make sure the dosage of the benzodiazepine is gradually decreased over a period of time, usually 4 to 6 weeks... 

Aluminum-containing antacids—constipation, intestinal impaction, anorexia, weakness, tremors, and bone pain... 

Symptoms next include dementia, tremor, and ataxia progressing most often to coma and death survivors show severe chronic meningoencephalitis. The American form of trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) is a common health problem in Central and Southern America and is transmitted by reduviid bugs. Polymyositis, myocarditis and encephalomyelitis are constant features of the disorder but may be accompanied by more widespread visceral involvement. Infection can be confirmed by complement fixation tests but antibodies do not occur in the blood until about two months after infection. 

Twenty-two cases of endosulfan poisoning were reported in people exposed while spraying cotton and rice fields the dermal route of exposure was assumed to be the primary route of exposure (Singh et al. 1992). The assumption was based on the fact that those spraying rice fields, and who suffered cuts over the legs with the sharp leaves on the rice plants exhibited the more severe toxicity. Three out of the 22 cases exhibited tremors and 11 presented convulsions all patients recovered. 

Acute clinical signs of neurotoxicity, manifested by hyperexcitability, dyspnea, decreased respiration, tremors, and convulsions, were identified in the available literature as effects caused by high doses of endosulfan. Exposure to high levels of endosulfan in humans may possibly be associated with permanent brain damage as manifested by cognitive and emotional deterioration, memory impairment, and... 

Epinephrine has a narrow benefit-to-risk ratio. Along with its therapeutic effects, when administered in recommended doses by any route, it potentially causes transient anxiety, fear, restlessness, palpitations, pallor, tremor, and headache. Although usually perceived as adverse effects, such symptoms indicate that a pharmacologically active dose of the medication has been absorbed. The desirable pharmacologic effects of epinephrine cannot be separated from the undesirable pharmacologic effects [10]. 

False. Tea, coffee and cola all contain caffeine, a mild stimulant drug. In small quantities it provides a refreshing increase in energy levels in larger quantities it can lead to headaches, anxiety, agitation, tremors and insomnia. In extreme cases it has been known to cause death. 

Since PD is caused by a relatively specific degeneration of the DA nigrostriatal tract and as there are specific toxins, for DA neurons, i.e. 6-OHDA and MPTP, it should be possible to produce appropriate experimental models. Certainly both toxins cause rotational behaviour in rats (Fig. 7.7) but no rodent shows a syndrome suggestive of PD. Tremor and akinesia can be seen, however, in primates after such toxins and these are being more widely used in experimental studies of PD and drug evaluation. Reserpine causes a depletion of all brain monoamines and produces motor defects in rats, which, even if not PD-like, do respond to DA manipulation. 

Antimuscarinic drugs such as atropine have been used to modest effect in the treatment of PD for more than a century attenuating tremor and rigidity but with little effect on akinesia. Currently benzhexol and benztropine are sometimes added to levodopa therapy but peripheral effects such as dry mouth, blurred vision and constipation are unpleasant. They are also often used to counteract neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal effects. 

PCP produced electrical seizure activity at 12.8 mg/kg IV, EEG spectra were clearly different from those produced by lower doses in that fast-frequency, high-amplitude EEG waves occurred and resulted in a spectral peak at about 15 Hz. EEG activity from 0 to 35 Hz occurred during seizures in contrast to subseizure doses, which produced EEG with little activity beyond 10 Hz. Generally, these seizures occurred immediately after IV injections and lasted 1 to 3 minutes. Similar spectra were obtained with NsBPCA (12.8 mg/kg), SKF-10,047 (25.6 mg/kg), and even with ketamine despite the absence of overt convulsant activity. Motor manifestations of EEG seizure activity included whole body tremors and vigorous twitches of the face and vibrissae. 

All infants developed deviant neurobehavioral symptoms within the first 24 hours of life. Most commonly, the neonates were found to have symptoms of irritability, tremors, and hypertonicity. Bizarre eye movements and staring spells were seen in 25 percent of infants. Poor sucking, lethargy, diarrhea, and facial twitching, symptoms commonly associated with prenatal opiate exposure, were seen infrequently in these PCP-addicted infants. 

Anxiety, agitation, delirium, diaphoresis, myoclonus, tremors, and seizures... 

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