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Treating equipment, selection

The oil droplet size distribution is one of the key parameters influencing water treating equipment selection. Therefore, accurate measurement of the oil droplet size distrihution is an important task. Another important parameter is quantifying the size distribution upstream and downstream of production equipment, such as control valves. [Pg.280]

Pretreatment For most membrane applications, particularly for RO and NF, pretreatment of the feed is essential. If pretreatment is inadequate, success will be transient. For most applications, pretreatment is location specific. Well water is easier to treat than surface water and that is particularly true for sea wells. A reducing (anaerobic) environment is preferred. If heavy metals are present in the feed even in small amounts, they may catalyze membrane degradation. If surface sources are treated, chlorination followed by thorough dechlorination is required for high-performance membranes [Riley in Baker et al., op. cit., p. 5-29]. It is normal to adjust pH and add antisealants to prevent deposition of carbonates and siillates on the membrane. Iron can be a major problem, and equipment selection to avoid iron contamination is required. Freshly precipitated iron oxide fouls membranes and reqiiires an expensive cleaning procedure to remove. Humic acid is another foulant, and if it is present, conventional flocculation and filtration are normally used to remove it. The same treatment is appropriate for other colloidal materials. Ultrafiltration or microfiltration are excellent pretreatments, but in general they are... [Pg.2037]

Environmental regulations prohibit disposal of produced water without primary and. in some instances, secondary treatment. Corrugated-plate interceptors, cross-flow separators, flotation units and other specialized equipment is required to reduce hydrocarbon content to acceptable levels. Authors discuss various equipment used in water treating. Next month, equations and empirical rules to help the engineer select appropriate treating equipment wilt be provided. [Pg.169]

Trie previous installment in this senes, wtuch appeared In World Oil last March, inventoried waste water treating equipment installed downstream of the free water knockout. This installment adds another piece of equipment to the list—SP packs that can substitute for plate coalescers in some applications—and details how equipment is selected and sized to meet project requirements. Authors divide the design process into simple, easy-to-folow steps and demonstrate the procedure with an example problem. [Pg.176]

Within oil-field production, treating equipment is selected in a similar manner. As the amount of water produced will vary over the life span of an oil field, equipment is often added as needed to an oil-field treating facility. The design of existing facilities will allow the addition of equipment to occur with minimal disruption during periodic maintenance shutdowns (or turnarounds ) if proper consideration has been given to the potential of changing production fluids. [Pg.325]

Quantity of Material to be Treated. The selected equipment must have the required capacity. The operation can be continuous or not. [Pg.2973]

A thorough understanding of the treating equipment and its contribution to the treatment are necessary before chemical selection can be made. If little agitation is available, a fast-acting chemical is necessary. If an FWKO vessel is used, the water drop-out rate will be very important. If heat is unavailable, the chemical must work at ambient temperatures. Different types of vessels require different chemical actions. [Pg.47]

Sulfur Compounds. Various gas streams are treated by molecular sieves to remove sulfur contaminants. In the desulfurization of wellhead natural gas, the unit is designed to remove sulfur compounds selectively, but not carbon dioxide, which would occur in Hquid scmbbing processes. Molecular sieve treatment offers advantages over Hquid scmbbing processes in reduced equipment size because the acid gas load is smaller in production economics because there is no gas shrinkage (leaving CO2 in the residue gas) and in the fact that the gas is also fliUy dehydrated, alleviating the need for downstream dehydration. [Pg.456]

Design and (Operation Important design and operation considerations for deep-well injection are related to (1) well-site selection, (2) pretreatment, (3) installation of an injec tion well, and (4) monitoring. Important factors related to these design and operation considerations are reported in Table 25-76. As noted in the table, wastes are usually treated prior to injec tion to prevent clogging of the formation and damage to equipment. Particles greater than about 1 to 5 Im must be removed. Typically, treated wastes must be filtered prior to... [Pg.2261]

When a mixture of compounds is to be treated, more limitations may be placed upon the selection of a suitable abatement method. There may be several compounds in the waste gas, some being unsuitable to one method, while others are unsuitable to another method. In such cases, thermal incineration may be the best solution. When recovering mixtures, additional separation equipment may be needed for recycling the reclaimed compounds. [Pg.1253]

As many emissions involve chlorinated compounds, corrosion is a major problem in many control methods. The corrosion of columns and surface condensers can be prevented or reduced by the correct material selection. However, corrosion remains a constant threat to the interior of incinerators. Additional pollution control equipment such as scrubbers may also be required to remove acidic compounds from treated gases before discharging into the atmosphere. [Pg.1253]

Where in practice a DA plant is required, by careful selection, equipment can be provided that will not only remove the excess alkalinity but also reduce the TDS to the extent of the alkalinity removed, thereby raising the potential for high COC and lowering BD and fuel costs. The savings in fuel and treated HW provides the necessary impetus for capital expenditure. The payback period typically is under two years, and often much shorter. [Pg.195]

When planning a worker exposure/re-entry study, the number of sites selected should reflect the use pattern of the product. Usually three different sites, each in a different geographical location, are recommended to ensure good representation of the areas when the product has wide use. The different geographical locations offer the researcher diversity in equipment used to treat the crops as well as diversity in the work habits of the individuals in the study. [Pg.993]

A field operator exposure study was designed to accommodate the chemical properties and the use pattern involved in the treatment of potato crops for protection against the Colorado potato beetle. Fifteen farmworkers experienced in the use of tractor-drawn sprayers for application of crop protection materials to crops were selected. All were adult males. To avoid production of a large quantity of treated potato crop prior to registration of the product for sale, the trials were performed on stubble fields after harvest of winter wheat crops in a potato-growing area of southern Ontario. This allowed the use of typical farm spray equipment and a typical duration of exposure for a complete shift of work. [Pg.86]

AOPs are less appropriate for the complete treatment of wastewater streams containing high concentration of organic pollutants. The main reason is that the energy costs and costs of chemicals such as ozone and hydrogen peroxide are relatively high. In case of UV also the equipment costs may be substantially. To treat these concentrated waste streams the application of AOPs has to be focused on the selective oxidation of specific toxic pollutants or on the partial oxidation of pollutants. [Pg.240]

Equipment for ion exchange is selected on the basis of the method to be used for regenerating the spent resin. Regeneration has to be carried out with the minimum disruption of the process and at a minimum cost. At its simplest, equipment may consist of a vessel containing the liquid to be treated, possibly fitted with stirrer to ensure good mixing. Ion... [Pg.1066]

If the TE does not pass through a minimum or maximum, but continues to decline or to increase with the number of equipment items or equipment size, the next step is to look at the flow sheet for equipment upstream or downstream from the selected item. It may be necessary to group two or more items and treat them as one in the analysis. Such a system is said to be interactive, since more than one item affects the optimum results. An example of such an interactive system is the... [Pg.41]

Although no methodology has been selected for evaluating the costs associated with full-scale deployment of Clemson s SCS technology, approximately 200,000 has been spent on equipment needed for the pilot-scale demonstration. This includes the purchase and installation of the required mixers, extruders, and furnaces to treat the 100 kg of U.S. DOE Waste Experimental Reduction Facility (WERF) incinerator fly ash. [Pg.467]


See other pages where Treating equipment, selection is mentioned: [Pg.300]    [Pg.300]    [Pg.11]    [Pg.1326]    [Pg.167]    [Pg.167]    [Pg.212]    [Pg.73]    [Pg.43]    [Pg.543]    [Pg.353]    [Pg.505]    [Pg.123]    [Pg.467]    [Pg.1174]    [Pg.1623]    [Pg.78]    [Pg.2]    [Pg.546]    [Pg.992]    [Pg.552]    [Pg.453]    [Pg.9]    [Pg.1]    [Pg.81]    [Pg.451]    [Pg.656]    [Pg.429]    [Pg.317]    [Pg.2]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.325 ]




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Equipment selection

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