Transport safety

Jet fuel is subject to particular attention in all operations that precede and accompany its use in accordance with the draconian air transport safety regulations (Anon., 1983). 

A DOT regulation covers both domestic and international shipping (9). For transportation safety, the DOT has information for first responders to incidents involving elemental phosphoms (10). In addition, the Chemtrec phone number 1-800-424-9300 accesses DOT emergency information and assistance in the United States. Also, the phosphoms producers in the United States have estabUshed a Phosphoms Emergency Response Team (PERT) to assist in handling P emergencies. 

Transportation Safety Act, Title 49 U.S. Coast Guard, Title 46... 

Particulate emissions have their greatest impact on terrestrial ecosystems in the vicinity of emissions sources. Ecological alterations may be the result of particulate emissions that include toxic elements. Furthermore, the presence of fine particulates may cause light scattering, known as atmospheric haze, reducing visibility and adversely affecting transport safety, property values, and aesthetics. 

Carriers and the chemical industry are working together to improve transportation safety. The American Association of Railroads has agreed to designate routes that handle 10,000 loads per year or more of chemicals as Key Routes." Routes designated as Key Routes will receive upgraded track, enhanced equipment to detect flaws in equipment or in trackage, and lower speed limits. 

The CMA Inter-Agency Task Group has proposed many initiatives to improve transportation safety. For example, the shipment of environmentally sensitive material in General Purpose rail cars will be phased out by the year 2000 and DOT Specification 105 pressure cars will be used instead. 

U.S. National Transportation Safety Board, Safety Recommendations, P-75-14 and 15, 1975. 

A National Transportation Safety Board Railroad Accident Report (1973) describes the accident which occurred in a shunting yard in East St. Louis, Illinois. Arriving cars are classified in the yard, then delivered to outbound carriers. On arrival, cars are inspected. They are then pushed up a mound, uncoupled, and allowed to roll down a descending grade onto one of the classification tracks. This process is called humping. Cars are directed and controlled by a computerized switching and speed-control system. 

National Transportation Safety Board. 1971. Highway Accident Report Liquefied Oxygen tank truck explosion followed by fires in Brooklyn, New York, May 30, 1970. NTSB-HAR-71-6. 

National Transportation Safety Board. 1972. Railroad Accident Report—Derailment of Toledo, Peoria and Western Railroad Company s Train No. 20 with Resultant Fire and Tank Car Ruptures, Crescent City, Illinois, June 21, 1970. NTSB-RAR-72-2. 

National Transportation Safety Board. 1973. Highway Accident Report—Propane Tractor-Semitrailer overturn and fire, U.S. Route 501, Lynchburg, Virginia, March 9, 1972. NTSB-HAR-73-3. 

National Transportation Safety Board. 1973. Railroad Accident Report—Hazardous materials railroad accident in the Alton and Southern Gateway Yard in East St. Louis, Dlinois, January 22, 1972. NTSB-RAR-73-1. 

National Transportation Safety Board. 1979. Pipeline Accident report—Mid-America Pipeline System—Liquefied petroleum gas pipeline rupture and fire, Donnellson, Iowa, August 4, 1978. NTSB-Report NTSB-PAR-79-1. 

Local partial confinement or obstruction in a vapor cloud may easily act as an initiator for detonation, which may propagate into the cloud as well. So far, however, only one possible unconfined vapor cloud detonation has been reported in the literature it occurred at Port Hudson, Missouri (National Transportation Safety Board Report 1972 Burgess and Zabetakis 1973). In most cases the nonhomogeneous structure of a cloud freely dispersing in the atmosphere probably prevents a detonation from propagating. 

National Transportation Safety Board. 1972. Pipeline Accident Report, Phillips Pipe Line Company propane gas explosion, Franklin County, MO, December 9, 1970. National Transportation Safety Board, Washington, DC, Report No. NTSB-PAR-72-1. 

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) states the railroad brakeman at Graniteville the evening before the tragedy could not remember setting the track switch in a safe position when he quit work about 7 p.m. on January 5,2005. 

Strength There was good coordination with Avondale plant officials in developing recovery plans. GVW representative attended daily NTSB (National Transportation Safety Bureau) briefings. 

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) has found much evidence to indicate the probable cause of the January 6, 2005, collision and derailment of Norfolk Southern train 192 in Graniteville, South Carolina, was the failure of the crew of Norfolk Southern train P22 to return the main line switch to the normal position after the crew completed work at an industry track. Contributing to the severity of the accident was the puncture of the ninth car in the train, a tank car containing chlorine, which resulted in the release of poison gas. 

Collision of Norfolk Southern Freight Train 192 With Standing Norfolk Southern Local Train P22 With Subsequent Hazardous Materials Release at Graniteville, South Carolina January 6, 2005, Railroad Accident Report NTSB/RAR-05/04. Washington, D.C. National Transportation Safety Board. 

National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), 2000. Hazardous Materials Accident Brief Whitehall, Michigan, Chemical Reaction During Cargo Transfer, June 4, 1999. 

Hazardous Materials Incident Reports National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Retrieved information... 

It is common for crash investigators to undertake reconstruction of the aircraft wreckage, and this can be exceptionaUy useful in estabhshing the seat of an explosion, if that is what in fact took place. The National Transportation Safety Board in the United States and the United Kingdom Air Accident Investigation Branch have both done some exceptionaUy fine work of this type. 

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