Formal Safety Assessments transportation

Vanem E., Puisa R., Skjong R. 2009. Standardized risk models for formal safety assessment of maritime transportation. In ASME 28th international conference on ocean, offshore and arctic engineering (OMAE2009), 2009. p. 51-61. 

In the field of maritime transportation, risk assessment is overall very strongly tied to probabilities, both in relation to the adopted definition as in the applied risk description. This may be at least in part due to the definition in the Formal Safety Assessment (FSA), as the combination of the frequency and the severity of the consequence (IMO 2007). 

EC (European Commission) (1999) The Concerted Action on Formal Safety and Environmental Assessment of Ship Operations. Report by Germanischer Lloyd and Det Norske Veritas, project funded by the European Commission under the Transport RTD Programme of the 4th Framework Programme, 1999. 

Product stewardship means "responsibly managing the health, safety, and environmental aspects of raw materials, intermediate, and consumer products throughout their life cycle and across the value chain in order to prevent or minimize negative impacts and maximize value" [7], Chapter 2 of this book discusses the technical tools that a product steward uses to achieve this goal. These tools include the techniques to characterize and predict the fate and transport of chemicals in the environment upon their manufacture and use. The tools also include the methods used to calculate the possible risks to human health and the environment that may result. Chapter 2 also describes the formal process of life cycle assessment, which uses these tools to evaluate the potential effects on the environment as a result of the production, use, and disposal or recycling of a product. 

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