Traits

NOTA Les produits mirtes scront traites comme des produits color s... 

The 70 years since these first observations have witnessed dramatic developments in Raman spectroscopy, particularly with the advent of lasers. By now, a large variety of Raman spectroscopies have appeared, each with its own acronym. They all share the conunon trait of using high energy ( optical ) light to probe small energy level spacings in matter. 

The mutation operator is the second commonly used operator, Mutation brings new traits into a chromosome. The mutation operator eauscs a loeai change in an artificial chromosome. 

Digestion of lactose is facilitated by the p glycosidase lactase A deficiency of this enzyme makes it difficult to digest lactose and causes abdominal discomfort Lactose intolerance is a genetic trait it is treatable through over the counter formulations of lac tase and by limiting the amount of milk m the diet... 

Electrospray mass spectra of globins from the blood of (a) a child diagnosed as having the sickle-cell anemia trait and (b) of its mother. As well as the usual p-globin sickle-cell variant at m/z 15,837.2, a new variant (P-Montreal-Chori) appears at m/z 15,879.3 and is observed in both the child and the mother. 

Fig. 3. Constmetion of a recombinant DNA by joining vector and passenger fragments where (I I I I I I) represent sticky ends. Both A and B genes represent selectable traits, so that introduction of foreign DNA in B gene leads to the loss of an identifiable function. REP represents repHcation and...

Fig. 3. Homologous chromosomes having evenly spaced genetic markers (1 9). The segregation of the or quantitative trait loci (QTL) can be followed using marker 2. Polymorphisms within marker 2 can be used to foUow the segregation of the genes within the QTL, even though the exact location or...

Lactic Acid B cteri. The lactic acid bacteria are ubiquitous in nature from plant surfaces to gastrointestinal tracts of many animals. These gram-positive facultative anaerobes convert carbohydrates (qv) to lactic acid and are used extensively in the food industry, for example, for the production of yogurt, cheese, sour dough bread, etc. The sour aromatic flavor imparted upon fermentation appears to be a desirable food trait. In addition, certain species produce a variety of antibiotics. 

Deficiency of the VIIFC portion of the Factor VIII complex results in classic hemophilia or hemophilia A and is inherited as a sex-linked recessive disorder. Based on the degree of deficiency of the VIIFC molecule three different forms of hemophilia A are recognized. Less than 1% VIIFC activity equals severe hemophilia A. Two to 10% of normal VIIFC activity equals moderately severe hemophilia A. Ten to 25% of normal VIIFC activity equals minimal symptomatic disease. Deficiency of the VIIFvWFAg portion of the Factor VIII complex results in von WiUebrand disease. There are at present five principal types of von WiUebrand disease and numerous subtypes or variants. For the most part, von WiUebrand disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant, and a few subtypes may be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. 

Congenital deficiency of Factor XI is a relatively rare coagulopathy that has been reported as both an autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive trait. This deficiency state occurs predominantly in the Jewish population. Most patients with this deficiency state remain asymptomatic until trauma or surgery is encountered. Spontaneous hemorrhage is rare in this population. 

Congenital deficiency of Factor XII is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Deficiency of this factor is rarely associated with any coagulopathy. It has been observed that people deficient in this factor may have an increased frequency of thromboembolic compHcations. 

Congenital deficiency of Factor Xlll is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and is frequendy recognized at birth because of delayed persistent hemorrhage from the umbiUcus. In Factor Xlll-deficient people wound healing is defective and wound dehiscence is common. 

Reproductive Toxicity. No data are available that impHcate either hexavalent or trivalent chromium compounds as reproductive toxins, unless exposure is by way of injection. The observed teratogenic effects of sodium dichromate(VI), chromic acid, and chromium (HI) chloride, adininistered by injection, as measured by dose-response relationships are close to the amount that would be lethal to the embryo, a common trait of many compounds (111). Reported teratogenic studies on hamsters (117,118), the mouse (119—121), and rabbits (122) have shown increased incidence of cleft palate, no effect, and testicular degeneration, respectively. Although the exposures for these experiments were provided by injections, in the final study (122) oral, inhalation, and dermal routes were also tried, and no testicular degeneration was found by these paths. 

Characterization. The proper characterization of coUoids depends on the purposes for which the information is sought because the total description would be an enormous task (27). The foUowiag physical traits are among those to be considered size, shape, and morphology of the primary particles surface area number and size distribution of pores degree of crystallinity and polycrystaUinity defect concentration nature of internal and surface stresses and state of agglomeration (27). Chemical and phase composition are needed for complete characterization, including data on the purity of the bulk phase and the nature and quaHty of adsorbed surface films or impurities. 

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