Complex behavioral traits

Hariri AR (2009) The neurobiology of individual differences in complex behavioral traits. Annu Rev Neurosci 32 225-247... 

Flint J, Corley R, De Fries JC, Fulker DW, Gray JA, MUler S, Collins AC (1995) A simple genetic basis for a complex psychological trait in laboratory mice. Science 269 1432-1435 Fontana DJ, Commissaris RL (1988) Effects of acute and chronic imipramine administration on conflict behavior in the rat a potential animal model for the study of panic disorder Psychopharmacology (Berl) 95 147-150... 

Although RNA-seq is still an evolving tool, it is now preferable in most instances to microarrays since it gives more information, is more accurate, and can be more cost-effective. Therefore, it has been applied to explore the genome-wide expression profile pattern of diseases, such as neoplasms (106), complex genetic traits like behavior (107), or physiological states... 

Mental development is a complex, on-going process influenced by a multitude of factors. Furthermore, it is difficult to assess and compare due to various social, racial, and ethnic backgrounds. In general, mental development may be defined as the increased ability to function. It involves motor skills, social traits, behavioral traits and learning skills. Normal mental development is evidenced by the gradual development of certain skills—roll over, sit, creep, walk, coordination of eyes and hands, formation of words, formation of whole thoughts, and ability to relate to people. The overall desired outcome of mental development is the attainment of an individual s full genetic potential. 

Behavior-related illnesses and patterns, both the so-called healthy and nonhealthy, are complex and involve many factors including external ones that are both learned and simply exposed to. Two features emerge from this ongoing study. First, is a tendency (not certainty) for this trait to be inherited. This tendency is generally greater than is the tendency with respect to physical disease. Second, environment plays a role. Similar environments produce similar people and different environments for related people produce different people. 

The literature reveals that effective leadership in an organization is critical. Early examinations of leaders reporfed differences befween leaders and followers. The early trait theories failed to predicf accurately the inherent qualities of a leader. Subsequent leadership studies differentiated effective leader behaviors from noneffective leader behaviors. As such, leadership was recognized as a complex interaction among the leader, the follower, and fhe surrormding sifuation. More recenf sfudies asserf fhaf a shared vision and collaboration with followers are importanf characteristics of effective leaders. 

The subsequent dissociation of the complex to hydrogen ions and chloride ions may have been overemphasized in the past. In 1938 Lewis (46) reformulated his ideas on acids and bases in terms of chemical behavior. The important traits were listed as follows ... 

---