Toxins toxicity

Cytotoxins Cytokine, interleukin, growth factor or the receptor binding domains of these proteins Toxin, toxic protein or apoptosis-inducing protein IL-2-DAB TGFa-PE40 IL-2-BAX bFGF-SAP bFGF-RNase [123] [124,125] [126] [127] [128]... 

Chemical/physical toxins (toxic chemicals, radiation)... 

The term toxicokinetics denotes the absorption, distribution, excretion, and metabolism of toxins, toxic doses of therapeutic agents, and their metabolites. The term toxicodynamics is used to denote the injurious effects of these substances on vital functions. Although many similarities exist between the pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of most substances, there are also important differences. The same caution applies to pharmacodynamics and toxicodynamics. 

Fungal toxins toxic toadstools and magic mushrooms... 

Figure 7 Utility of the scrape loading/dye transfer assay to detect a toxin/toxicant s ability to modulate gap junctional intercellular communication. The last two images (6ngmr TPA) illustrate both the epifluorescent and phase images, respectively, of the same cells to show that the complete inhibition of GJIC was not associated with the death of cells.

Area Type Toxin/Toxicant Extent Duration... 

Toxins Toxic substances that are produced as metabolic by-products of microorganisms, plants, and animals, or are synthetically produced, and can be used to poison other living organisms. 

Shiga toxin. Toxic protein produced by E. coli... 

Janssen M.M.T., Put H.M.C. and Nout M.J.R. (1997) Natural toxins. Toxic phenolic substances. In Tannins Food Safety and Toxicity, J. de Vries (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, (1997), 8-12. 

Caution Extremely potent, low molecular weight toxin. Toxic effects in animals include anorexia, severe weight loss, hepatotoxicity, hepatoporphyria, vascular lesions, chloracne, gastric ulcers, teratogenicity and delayed death. Industrial workers exposed to TCDD have developed chloracne, porphyrinuria and porphyria cutanea tarda. See Poland, Kende, toe. cit C. D. Carter ei al. Science 188, 738 (1975). This substance may reasonably be anticipated 10 be a card-... 

Peptide toxins, toxic peptides and proteins used by various species for defense against... 

Toxins Toxic substance of natural origin produced by an animal, planf or microbe. They differ from chemical substances in that they are not manmade. Toxins may include botulism, ricin, and mycotoxins. 

Botulinum toxins Toxin aerosolized or added to food or virater. Exposed to food orvirater. Exposed surfaces may be contaminated vifith toxin. Toxic dose 0.01 mcg/kg for Inhalation and 70 meg for Ingestion. Hours to a few days See p 136. Symmetric, descending flaccid paralysis with Initial bulbar palsies (ptosis, diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia) progressing to diaphragmatic muscle weakness and respiratory arrest. Dry mouth and blurred vision due to toxin blockade of muscarinic receptors. Toxin cannot penetrate intact skin but is absorbed across mucous membranes or wounds. Treatment botulinum antitoxin (see p 420). 

Spider toxins toxic substances produced in the venom glands of many spiders. They serve to paralyse and kill prey, and are dangerous to humans only in rare cases, e.g. the toxin of the South European La-trodectus tredecimgutlatus, or the American black widow (Latrodectus mactans). The active principles of S.t. are proteinaceous and related to those of snake and scorpion venoms. They contain hyaluronidase and proteolytic activity, but phospholipases and hemolytic or blood clotting activities are absent. 

Food analysis is a very important field that involves very different applications such as quality food processing, food and health safety, or development of new functional food among other. Therefore, there are many possible analytes all along the food chain, from the farm to the table. It can be cited as most common residues of herbicides/pesticides or veterinary pharmaceuticals, pathogenic microorganisms, and their toxins, toxic substances such as PAHs, additives, and substances related to food allergies, intolerances as well as controllers of food uptake. 

Fungus/mold Toxin Toxicity Elfect Occurrence... 

HEMATOPOIETIC TOXINS Toxic to the blood and blood-forming organs. 

REPRODUCTIVE TOXIN Toxic material that affects male or female reproductive systems or the developing fetus. 

Breakdown of the BBB in hiunans and experimental animals in various conditions (stress, hypertension, convulsions, seizures, ischemia, hypoglycemia, inflammation) has been well-documented. The BBB is incapable of preventing the exchange of toxins/toxicants from the blood to the brain when its integrity (structure, function, or permeability) is compromised by chemicals or their toxicity. 

Lead styphnate - This chemical is sensitive to fire and static electricity, but less sensitive to shock and fnction than mercury fulminate or lead azide. With other metals, it is non-reactive. The OSHA regulatory status of lead styphnate is Explosive, skin and eye irritant lung, kidney, nervous system, blood and reproductive toxin toxic, carcinogen. ... 

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