Toxic chemical, defined

Biphenyl is defined as a toxic chemical under, and subject to, reporting requirements of Section 313 of Tide 111 of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthori2ation Act (SARA) of 1986 and 40 CFR, Part 372 under the name biphenyl. It is identified as a ha2ardous chemical under criteria of the OSHA Ha2ard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). 

Import is defined as causing the chemical to be imported into the customs territory of the United States. If you order a covered toxic chemical (or a mixture containing the chemical) from a foreign supplier, then you have imported the chemical when that shipment arrives at your facility directly from a source outside of the United States. By ordering the chemical, you have caused it to be imported," even though you may have used an import brokerage firm as an agent to obtain the chemical. 

Article Exemptions. You do not have to factor into threshold or release determinations quantities of a listed toxic chemical contained In an article when that article is processed or used at your facility. An article is defined as a manufactured item that is formed to a specific shape or design during manufacture, that has end-use functions dependent in whole or in part upon its shape or design during end-use, and that does not release a toxic chemical under normal conditions of the processing or use of that item at the facility. 

The SIC code system defines business "establlshmenls as "distinct and separata economic activities [that] are performed at a single physical location." Under section 372.30(c) of the reporting rule, you may submit a separate Form R for each establishment, or for groups of establishments, in your covered facility, provided that all releases of the toxic chemicals... 

Toxicity is defined as the quality, state, or degree of being toxic or poisonous. Some liquids contain chemicals that are a serious toxic hazard. These toxic or poisonous chemicals may enter the body through inhalation, by absorption through the skin, or through the eyes or the mouth. The result is sickness and, in some cases, death. Manufacturers of hydraulic liquids strive to produce suitable liquids that contain no toxic chemicals and, as a result, most hydraulic liquids are free of harmful chemicals. Some fire-resistant liquids are toxic, and suitable protection and care in handling must be provided. 

Case-Control Study—A t5q)e of epidemiological study which examines the relationship between a particular outcome (disease or condition) and a variety of potential causative agents (such as toxic chemicals). In a case-controlled study, a group of people with a specified and well-defined outcome is identified and compared to a similar group of people without outcome. 

Toxic chemicals are further defined in Article II para 2 as meaning Any chemical which through its chemical action on life processes can cause death, temporary incapacitation or permanent harm to humans and animals. This includes all such chemicals, regardless of their origin or of their method of production and regardless of whether they are produced in facilities, in munitions or elsewhere . 

Since most chemicals caused different phenotypic outcomes between the rats and rabbits, species-specific models were analyzed, with 251 chemicals evaluated in the rat model and 234 in the rabbit (Fig. 2). Cross-validation balanced accuracies in the resulting classification models were 71% for the rat model (12 features), and 74% for the rabbit model (7 features). Each model contained positive predictors or assay features generally affected by the developmental toxicants (as defined above) and negative predictors or assay features that were generally affected by the nondevelopmen-tal toxicants (as defined above). 

Exposure to toxic chemicals and the effect or response need to be quantitated to define the dose response relationship. These use what are called biomarkers, and new technology is constantly expanding the range of possible measurements. Susceptibility, important in risk assessment, can also be quantitated with biomarkers. 

Environmental toxicology is defined as the study of the fate and effects of chemicals in the environment. Although this definition would encompass toxic chemicals naturally found in the environment (i.e., animal venom, microbial and plant toxins), environmental toxicology is typically associated with the study of environmental chemicals of anthropogenic origin. Environmental toxicology can be divided into two subcategories ... 

Passage of the Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) by the U.S. Congress in 1990 ushered in a new era in the philosophy of controlling risks from toxic chemicals. The PPA declared it to be the policy of the United States that pollution should be prevented at the source when possible, and it defined source reduction as any practice that ... 

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